Ingredient

Aab-e-Angoor

Botanical Name: Grapes

Although most variety of grapes are very sweet, its glycemic index is still at a very safe level of 50. In fact, grape juice is an excellent stimulator of your body metabolism in helping to burn excess food and waste. It supplies heat and energy to the body in a short space of time after drinking.

Here are the many more health benefits of grapes or its juice:

Anti-coagulant:  The juice from this tiny fruit can help prevent blood clotting and in the process, help improve blood circulation which would generally improve on overall health.

Anti-inflammation:  The anti-inflammatory agents in grapes greatly help reduce the risks of inflammatory problems like rheumatism, gout and asthma.

Atherosclerosis:  Resveratrol in grapes is a good scrubber of arterial deposits, thus it effectively helps reduce the risk, or even reverse atherosclerosis.

Bladder:  Highly cleansing to the bladder, cleaning out the stones and improving urination, improves bile flow and elimination of waste materials.

Cancer:  The rich and high content of anti-oxidants in cancer are superb for the prevention of cancer.

Constipation:  Grape juice is a mild laxative and helps clear up the bowels. Take about 200 ml twice daily for chronic constipation.

Eyesight/vision:  The flavonol compounds in grape seeds are effective for the treatment of night blindness, retinal disorders and vision improvement.

Fever:  Drink grape juice consistently to reduce fever. It would also help relieve fatigue and provide energy to the body.

Heart disease:  Grapes are beneficial in toning up the heart, reduce heart pains, and can normalize heart palpitations. To enjoy the benefits, go on a grape diet for a few days.

Indigestion:  A gentle and natural home remedy for indigestion.

Mouth and throat infection:  Drink juice of unripe grapes to help clear infections in the mouth and throat.

Migraine:  Certain compounds in grapes make this miracle juice powerfully effective in relieving headaches and migraine.

Kidney:  Grape juice is diuretic and is excellent for cleaning out the kidney and may help remedy kidney stones.

Liver:  The abundance of minerals in grapes stimulate the cleansing activity in liver, helps to detoxify.

Skin:  The highly cleansing properties of grape juice and the high vitamin C content is very beneficial for the skin and helps reduce acne.

Aab-e-Chona

Botanical Name: Hard water

The World Health Organization says that “there does not appear to be any convincing evidence that water hardness causes adverse health effects in humans”. In fact, the United States National Research Council has found that hard water can actually serve as a dietary supplement for calcium and magnesium.Hard water is water that has high mineral content (in contrast with “soft water”). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of calcium and magnesium-containing minerals such as limestone, chalk and dolomite.

Hard drinking water is generally not harmful to one’s health, but can pose serious problems in industrial settings, where water hardness is monitored to avoid costly breakdowns in boilers, cooling towers, and other equipment that handles water. In domestic settings, hard water is often indicated by a lack of suds formation when soap is agitated in water, and by the formation of lime scale in kettles and water heaters. Wherever water hardness is a concern, water softening is commonly used to reduce hard water’s adverse effects.

Botanical Name: Hard water

The World Health Organization says that “there does not appear to be any convincing evidence that water hardness causes adverse health effects in humans”. In fact, the United States National Research Council has found that hard water can actually serve as a dietary supplement for calcium and magnesium.Hard water is water that has high mineral content (in contrast with “soft water”). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of calcium and magnesium-containing minerals such as limestone, chalk and dolomite.

Hard drinking water is generally not harmful to one’s health, but can pose serious problems in industrial settings, where water hardness is monitored to avoid costly breakdowns in boilers, cooling towers, and other equipment that handles water. In domestic settings, hard water is often indicated by a lack of suds formation when soap is agitated in water, and by the formation of lime scale in kettles and water heaters. Wherever water hardness is a concern, water softening is commonly used to reduce hard water’s adverse effects.

Botanical Name: Hard water

The World Health Organization says that “there does not appear to be any convincing evidence that water hardness causes adverse health effects in humans”. In fact, the United States National Research Council has found that hard water can actually serve as a dietary supplement for calcium and magnesium.Hard water is water that has high mineral content (in contrast with “soft water”). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of calcium and magnesium-containing minerals such as limestone, chalk and dolomite.

Hard drinking water is generally not harmful to one’s health, but can pose serious problems in industrial settings, where water hardness is monitored to avoid costly breakdowns in boilers, cooling towers, and other equipment that handles water. In domestic settings, hard water is often indicated by a lack of suds formation when soap is agitated in water, and by the formation of lime scale in kettles and water heaters. Wherever water hardness is a concern, water softening is commonly used to reduce hard water’s adverse effects.

Aak

Botanical Name: CALOTROPIS

Calotropis is a plant. People use the bark and root bark for medicine.Despite serious safety concerns, calotropis is used for digestive disorders including diarrhea, constipation and stomach ulcers; for painful conditions including toothache, cramps, and joint pain; and for parasitic infections including elephantiasis and worms. Some people use calotropis for syphilis, boils, inflammation (swelling),epilepsy, hysteria, fever, muscular spasm, warts, leprosy, gout, snakebites.In inhalation therapy, smoke from the bark is inhaled for coughs, asthma, and to cause sweating.Calotropis contains chemicals that might help thin mucous and make it easier to cough up. In studies in animals, calotropis has shown some activity against pain, inflammation, bacteria, fever, and ulcers caused by alcohol and medications such as aspirin, indomethacin and others.

Toothache.

Epilepsy.

Fever.

Snakebites.

Digestive disorders.

Diarrhea.

Cramps.

Boils.

Swelling (inflammation).

Joint pain.

Ulcers.

Abhal

Botanical name: Juniperus comunis, Junipers

Some Indigenous peoples, such as the Dineh, have traditionally used juniper to treat diabetes. The 17th Century herbalist physician Nicholas Culpeper recommended the ripened berries for conditions such as asthma and sciatica, as well as to speed childbirth.Juniper is one of the plants used in Scottish and Gaelic Polytheist saining rites, such as those performed at Hogmanay (New Year), where the smoke of burning juniper is used to cleanse, bless and protect the household and its inhabitants.

Juniper berries are steam distilled to produce an essential oil that may vary from colorless to yellow or pale green. Some of its chemical components are alpha pinene, cadinene, camphene and terpineol. Leaves and twigs of Juniperus virginiana are steam distilled to produce oil of juniper.In some species these “berries” are red-brown or orange but in most they are blue; they are often aromatic and can be used as a spice.

Abrak siah

Botanical Name: Mica

Used to dry the wounds and burns.It is used orally also.Used in asthama, cough, and rhinitis.It is used to treat the sexual diseases also like spematorrhoea, night fall,Leucorrhea, gonorrhea, prostatorrhea.It is also used in medicines for sexual tonics.Due to its blood purifying quality it is also used in syphilis.It is also used in anti pyrexial medicine.

Abresham

Botanical Name: Bombyx mori, Silkworm

In traditional Chinese medicine, silkworm is the source of the “stiff silkworm”, which is made from dried fourth- or fifth-instar larvae ). It is believed to dispel flatulence, dissolve phlegm, and relieve spasms.

Afsanteen

Botanical name: Artemisia absinthium, absinthe wormwood

It is grown as an ornamental plant and is used as an ingredient in the spirit absinthe as well as some other alcoholic drinks.It is an ingredient in the spirit absinthe, and is used for flavouring in some other spirits and wines, including bitters, vermouth and pelinkovac. In the Middle Ages, it was used to spice mead. In 18th century England, wormwood was sometimes used instead of hops in beer.

Its is used to treat the intestinal worms.

It is used to treat the internal inflammations.

It is helpful medicine of GIT tact.

Afteemon akas bail

Botanical name: Cuscuta

Use in traditional medicine

1. chinensis seeds have long been used for osteoporosis in China and some other Asian countries. C. chinensis is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine which is believed to strengthen the liver and kidneys.
In asia it is used to the fevers of all kind.It has bitter taste.

Agar-oud hindi-gharki

Botanical name: Agarwood, Aquilaria malaccensis

Agarwood, also known as oud, oodh or agar, is a dark resinous heartwood that forms in Aquilaria and Gyrinops trees (large evergreens native to southeast Asia) when they become infected with a type of mould. Prior to infection, the heartwood is relatively light and pale coloured; however, as the infection progresses, the tree produces a dark aromatic resin in response to the attack, which results in a very dense, dark, resin embedded heartwood. The resin embedded wood is commonly called gaharu, jinko, aloeswood, agarwood, or oud (not to be confused with ‘Bakhoor’) and is valued in many cultures for its distinctive fragrance, and thus is used for incense and perfumes.

One of the main reasons for the relative rarity and high cost of agarwood is the depletion of the wild resource. Since 1995 Aquilaria malaccensis, the primary source, has been listed in Appendix II (potentially threatened species) by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. In 2004 all Aquilaria species were listed in Appendix II; however, a number of countries have outstanding reservations regarding that listing.

Internally for digestive and bronchial complaints, fevers, and rheumatism (bark, wood). Because of its astringent nature, the powdered wood of the aloe tree provide an effective skin tonic and is recommended by Ayurvedic physicians as an application for restoring pigment in leucoderma. Powdered aloeswood provides an antiseptic so gentle it is used for ear and eye infections as well as on open wounds.

Ajwain khurasani

Botanical name: Hyoscyamus niger, stinking nightshade

it is used to treat kidney and abdominal pain.

It is used to expel the phalegm in asthama and cough.

It clears the uterus from malicious secretions.

It is used as liver tonic.

It is used if the breast milk is decreased.

It treats amenorrhea very well.

Ajwain

Botanical name: Trachyspermum ammi, Ajwain

The fruit pods are rarely eaten raw, they are commonly dry-roasted or fried in ghee, clarified butter. This allows the spice to develop a more subtle and complex aroma. It is considered to be an anti flatulent, a spice which reduces the gaseous effects of beans and other legumes. In Afghanistan the fruit pods are sprinkled over bread and biscuits.

The small fruit pods are pale brown and have an oval shape, resembling caraway and cumin. It has a bitter and pungent taste, with a flavor similar to anise and oregano. They smell almost exactly like thyme because it also contains thymol, but is more aromatic and less subtle in taste, as well as slightly bitter and pungent. Even a small amount of fruit pods tend to dominate the flavor of a dish.

Akhrot

Botanical name: Walnuts

Walnuts are high in protein, vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids, trace minerals, lecithin and oils.An ounce (28g) of (chopped) walnuts contain 183 calories of which 153 calories come from the fats. Walnut contains a large amount of vitamins B6 (0.2mg per ounce of walnut) providing 8 percent of the daily requirement. It also has plenty of folate and thiamin and useful quantity of vitamin E in the form of tocopherol.

Omega 3 and Omega 6 are two essential fatty acids required by our body for cell growth, immune function, blood clotting and disease prevention, but our body cannot make them on their own.Walnut helps prevent heart disease and are the fruit recommended for lowering cholesterol. It is an established fact that coronary heart disease (CHD) is associated with high total cholesterol and high LDL cholesterol levels.

Walnuts have potential health benefits in the area of memory and cognitive function as well. Low omega 3 intake has been linked to depression and decline in cognitive functionAlthough not much research has gone into the safety and benefits of consuming walnut during pregnancy, it is believed that walnut may stave off nausea during pregnancy and boost brain development in the child.

Alsi

Botanical name: Linum usitatissimum, Linseed

Linum usitatissimum seeds have been used in the traditional Austrian medicine internally (directly soaked or as tea) and externally (as compresses or oil extracts) for treatment of disorders of the respiratory tract, eyes, infections, cold, flu, fever, rheumatism and gout.Flax is grown for its use as an edible oil, as a nutritional supplement, and as an ingredient in many wood finishing products. Flax is also grown as an ornamental plant in gardens. Flax fibers are used to make linen. The Latin species name usitatissimum means most useful.

One hundred grams of ground flax seed supplies about 450 calories, 41 grams of fat, 28 grams of fiber, and 20 grams of protein.Flax seed sprouts are edible, with a slightly spicy flavor. Excessive consumption of flax seeds with inadequate water can cause bowel obstruction. Flaxseed, called (‘Tisi’ or ‘Alsi’) in northern India, has been roasted, powdered and eaten with boiled rice, a little water, and a little salt since ancient times in the villages.

Alu bokhara

Botanical name: Prunus domestica,cheery plum

Delicious, fleshy, succulent plums are low in calories (46 calories per 100 g) and contain no saturated fats; however, contain numerous health promoting compounds, minerals and vitamins.Certain health benefiting compounds present in the plum fruits, such as dietary fiber, sorbitol, and isatinare known to help regulate the functioning of the digestive system and thereby relieve constipation conditions.

Total antioxidant strength of plums measured in terms of ORAC (Oxygen radical absorbance capacity) is 6259 µmol TE/100 g. Fresh berries are a moderate source of vitamin C, which is also a powerful natural antioxidant. Consumption of foods rich in vitamin C helps the body develop resistance against infectious agents, counter inflammation and scavenge harmful free radicals.Fresh plums, especially yellow Mirabelle type, are a moderate source of vitamin A and beta carotene. Vitamin A is essential for good eye sight. It is also required for maintaining healthy mucus membranes and skin. Consumption of natural fruits rich in vitamin A has found to protect from lung and oral cavity cancers.

The fruit is also good in health promoting flavonoid poly phenolic antioxidants such as lutein, cryptoxanthin and zea-xanthin in significant amounts. These compounds help act as scavengers against oxygen-derived free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a role in aging and various disease processes. Zea-xanthin, an important dietary carotenoid selectively absorbed into the retinal macula lutea where it is thought to provide antioxidant and protective UV light-filtering functions.Plums are plentiful in minerals like potassium, fluoride and iron. Iron is required for red blood cell formation. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps controlling heart rate and blood pressure.

In addition, the berries are moderate sources in B-complex groups of vitamins such as niacin, vitamin B-6 and pantothenic acid. These vitamins are acting as cofactors help the body metabolize carbohydrates, proteins and fats. They also provide about 5% RDA levels of vitamin K. Vitamin K is essential for many clotting factors function in the blood as well as in bone metabolism and help reduce Alzheimer’s disease in the elderly.

Alum phatkri

Botanical name: Alum

Alum has several household and industrial uses. Potassium alum is used most often, although ammonium alum, ferric alum and soda alum may be used for many of the same purposes. It is used for purification of drinking water as a chemical flocculant in styptic pencil to stop bleeding from minor cuts adjuvant in vaccines (chemical that enhances immune response) deodorant “rock” pickling agent to help keep pickles crisp flame retardant the acidic component of some types of baking powder an ingredient in some homemade and commercial modeling clay an ingredient in some depilatory (hair removal) waxes skin whitener ingredient in some brands of toothpaste.

Amaltas

Botanical name: Cassia fistula , golden shower tree

In Ayurvedic medicine, the golden shower tree is known as aragvadha, meaning “disease killer”. The fruit pulp is considered a purgative, and self-medication or any use without medical supervision is strongly advised against in Ayurvedic texts.Cassia Fistula is very effective in treating constipation. Cassia fistula is very effective in treating ulcers. The herb is very effective in treating piles. The pulp of the tree can be soaked in water for about an hour or so and consumed at bedtime. It also kills the intestinal worms.The roots of the herb have great curative effects against common cold. Some people inhale the smoke of the roots. This cures the mucous that is found along the respiratory tract.The herb is very effective in treating skin disorders like irritation, swelling, etc. The herb is very great in curing fungalinfections of the skin. Some of them are athlete’s foot, ringworm, jock itch, etc.The bark and fruits of the tree have great antioxidant properties and hence boost the immunity system of the body.The bark of the tree and fruits help in purification of the blood.Cassia Fistula is great in treating wounds. The specialty of the herb is that it promotes tissue regeneration. In many countries, the juice extracted from the juice of the leaves or a paste of the leaves is used for dressing the infected skin areas.

Amber

Botanical name: Ambergris

Ambergris has been prized for centuries for its peculiar qualities. It has been used in the perfume industry as a fixative for fine perfumes, for medicinal purposes and as an aphrodisiac.Some people swear by the sensual effects created by rubbing a piece of ambergris on the skin.Ambergris releases pheromones making it a true aphrodisiac, a property which has lead to the mystery and sensuality surrounding the product.Ambergris has also been used to enhance the flavours of food and wine and for herbal and homeopathic remedies. Freshly produced ambergris has a marine, faecal odour. However, as it ages, it acquires a sweet, earthy scent commonly likened to the fragrance of rubbing alcohol without the vaporous chemical astringency. Although ambergris had been highly valued by perfumers as a fixative (allowing the scent to last much longer), it has largely been replaced by synthetics.

AMLA

Botanical name: Phyllanthus emblica, Amla

A compilation of applications for emblica fruits was carried out by several Ayurvedic writers during the last 25 years. The main indications are:

Digestive system disorders: dyspepsia, gastritis, hyperacidity, constipation, colic, colitis, hemorrhoids

Bleeding disorders: bleeding hemorrhoids, hematuria, menorrhagia, bleeding gums, ulcerative colitis

Metabolic disorders: anemia, diabetes, gout

Lung disorders: cough, asthma

Aging disorders: osteoporosis, premature graying of hear, weak vision

Neurasthenia: fatigue, mental disorders, vertigo, palpitations

When the fruit is dried, the main ingredient, water, is mostly eliminated, and the remaining constituents are present in considerably larger proportions.These three fruits together make up the popular remedy “Triphala,” a rejuvenating formula that is frequently applied to treating intestinal disorders (inflammation, infection, diarrhea, constipation).

Anar
Botanical name: Punica granatum, Pomegranate

The rind of the fruit and the bark of the pomegranate tree is used as a traditional remedy against diarrhea, dysentery and intestinal parasites. The seeds and juice are considered a tonic for the heart and throat, and classified as having bitter-astringent taste plus a range of taste from sweet to sour, depending on ripeneness. Thus Pomegranate is considered a healthful counterbalance to a diet high in sweet-fatty (kapha or earth) components.Especially when sweet, pomegranate fruit is nourishing for (pitta or fire) systems and is known as a blood builder. The astringent qualities of the flower juice, rind and tree bark are considered valuable for a variety of purposes, such as stopping nose bleeds and gum bleeds, toning skin, (after blending with mustard oil) firming-up sagging breasts, and treating hemorrhoids. Pomegranate juice (of specific fruit strains) is also used as an eyedrop, as it is believed to slow the development of cataracts.Ayurveda differentiates between pomegranate varieties and employs them for different remedies.Pomegranate has been used as a contraceptive and abortifacient by means of consuming the seeds, or rind, as well as by using the rind as a vaginal suppository. This practice is recorded in ancient Indian literature, in medieval sources, and in modern folk medicine.Pomegranate extracts (alkaloids) are used to treat intestinal parasite infestations in some nations.A 100 g serving of pomegranate seeds provide 12% of the Daily Value (DV) for vitamin C and 16% DV for vitamin K and contain polyphenols, such as ellagitannins and flavonoids (section below).Pomegranate seeds are excellent sources of dietary fiber which is entirely contained in the edible seeds. People who choose to discard the seeds forfeit nutritional benefits conveyed by the seed fiber and micronutrients.Juice, seeds and peel apparently contain steroid hormones, including estrone, although this is debated between Korean teams.

Anison

Botanical name: Pimpinella Anisum, Anise

Anise is an herb. The seed (fruit) and oil, and less frequently the root and leaf, are used to make medicine.
Anise is used for upset stomach, intestinal gas, “runny nose,” and as an expectorant to increase productive cough, as a diuretic to increase urine flow, and as an appetite stimulant. Women use anise to increase milk flow when nursing, start menstruation, treat menstrual discomfort or pain, ease childbirth, and increase sex drive. Men use anise to treat symptoms of “male menopause.” Other uses include treatment of seizures, nicotine dependence, trouble sleeping (insomnia), asthma, and constipation.Some people apply anise directly to the skin to treat lice, scabies, and psoriasis.
In foods, anise is used as a flavoring agent. It has a sweet, aromatic taste that resembles the taste of black licorice. It is commonly used in alcohols and liqueurs, such as anisette and ouzo. Anise is also used in dairy products, gelatins, meats, candies, and breath fresheners.
In manufacturing, anise is often used as a fragrance in soap, creams, perfumes, and sachets.

Anjeer

Botanical name: Ficus carica, Figs

There are 5 grams of fiber in every three-fig serving. That high concentration of fiber helps promote healthy, regular bowel function and prevents constipation. Fiber works to add bulk and mass to bowel movements, so it not only prevents constipation, but also eliminates diarrhea and unhealthy or irregular bowel movements.The fiber in figs also helps to reduce weight and is often recommended for obese people.Dried figs contain phenol, Omega-3 and Omega-6. These fatty acids reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.The presence of fiber helps to stimulate the elimination of free radicals and other cancer causing substances, particularly in the colon, since fiber increases the healthy movement of the bowels.People usually take in sodium in the form of salt, but low potassium and high sodium level may lead to hypertension.The natural chemicals in fig leaves make it an ideal component for a tea base. Fig leaf tea has been popularly prescribed for various respiratory conditions like bronchitis, and it is also used as a way to prevent and lessen the symptoms of asthmatic patients.Figs are rich in calcium, which is one of the most important components in strengthening bones, and reducing the risk of osteoporosis.Vision loss in older people is normally due to macular degeneration. Fruits and figs are particularly good at helping you avoid this very common symptom of aging.The high mucilage content in figs helps to heal and protect sore throats. The soothing nature of figs and their natural juices can relieve pain and stress on the vocal chords.

Aqar Aqrha

Botanical name: Pyrenthrum indicum, Pyrethrum

People apply pyrethrum directly to the skin as an insecticide, particularly for head lice, crab lice and their nits, and mites (scabies).Root is widely used because of its pungent efficacy in relieving toothache and in promoting a free flow of saliva. The British Pharmacopoeia directs that it be used as a masticatory, and in the form of lozenges for its reflex action on the salivary glands in dryness of the mouth and throat. The tincture made from the dried root may be applied to relieve the aching of a decayed tooth, applied on cotton wool, or rubbed on the gums, and for this purpose may with advantage be mixed with camphorated chloroform. It forms an addition to many dentifrices.A gargle of Pellitory infusion is prescribed for relaxed uvula and for partial paralysis of the tongue and lips. To make a gargle, two or three teaspoonsful of Pellitory should be mixed with a pint of cold water and sweetened with honey if desired. Patients seeking relief from rheumatic or neuralgic affections of the head and face, or for palsy of the tongue, have been advised to chew the root daily for several months.Being a rubefacient and local irritant, when sliced and applied to the skin, it induces heat, tingling and redness.The powdered root forms a good snuff to cure chronic catarrh of the head and nostrils and to clear the brain, by exciting a free flow of nasal mucous and tears.Culpepper tells us that Pellitory ‘is one of the best purges of the brain that grows’ and is not only ‘good for ague and the falling sickness’ (epilepsy) but is ‘an excellent approved remedy in lethargy.’ After stating that ‘the powder of the herb or root snuffed up the nostrils procureth sneezing and easeth the headache,’ he goes on to say that ‘being made into an ointment with hog’s lard it taketh away black and blue spots occasioned by blows or falls, and helpeth both the gout and sciatica,’ uses which are now obsolete.In the thirteenth century we read in old records that Pellitory of Spain was ‘a proved remedy for the toothache’ with the Welsh physicians. It was familiar to the Arabian writers on medicine and is still a favorite remedy in the East, having long been an article of export from Algeria and Spain by way of Egypt to India.In the East Indies the infusion is used as a cordial.

Aqeeq

Botanical name: Agate

calcined cornelian turned into infusible and assimilable powder ash form is included in preparations administerded to procure refrigerant, cardiac tonic , nervine, aphordisiac effects. it is prescribed in weak eye sight and palpitation, and to arrest haemorrhages in the internal organs particularly useful against menorrahgia and haemoptysis indusyunic medicine.Traditional medicine of herbal, animal and mineral origin in Pakistan. Written by khan usaman ghani.

Arrnii

Botanical name: Agnimantha

Anti-Coagulant: It maintains fluidity of blood and does not let it to thicken or coagulate.The leaves or leaves extract of Agnimantha or Premna contains an Isoxazole alkaloid called Premnazole which is very effective in countering inflammations, particularly those in digestive and circulatory systems.The alkaloids present in Premna or Agnimantha reduce Uric Acid level in blood, thereby giving relief in rheumatism and arthritis, uric acid upsurge being their major cause.The root bark extract has powerful astringent properties and is good for tonic muscles, strengthening gums, toning skin etc.The Iridoid Glycosides & Alkaloids present in extract of leaves and roots of Premna (Agnimantha) are effective cardiac stimulant and cardiac tonic.Gas or flatulence can be very disturbing and sickening sometimes & the relief is there in the leaf extract of Premna or Agnimantha.The alkaloids and flavonoids present in Premna (Agnimantha) aid digestion.

Asaroon

Botanical name: Valeriana hardwickii, Valeriana officinalis, Indian Valerian

Indian Valerian is a well-known and frequently used medicinal herb that has a long and proven history of efficacy. It is noted especially for its effect as a tranquilliser and nervine, particularly for those people suffering from nervous overstrain. Valerian has been shown to encourage sleep, improve sleep quality and reduce blood pressure.

Asgand

Botanical name: Withania somnifera, winter cherry

It enhances the immune system of the body, regulates processes such as blood pressure and also balances body and mind. Thus, it enhances everything in general and you become more resistent against illnesses and you can fight them better.Nowadays, many experiments are being conducted.Experiments have shown that it is able to protect your brain cells (flavonoids are known to protect brain cells.Also, experiments have confirmed that it is very effective against stress. It works like a sedative. This is the reason, why it is recommended to take it in the evening.Ashwagandha also has anti-aging properties. Extracts of it are sometimes used in anti-aging products. The chemicals destroy free radicals that are responsible for cell aging and body damaging. So, the body stays young longer.People have reported that it increased their concentration, reduced fatigue and made them sleep better than usual after taking Ashwagandha regularly.Ashwagandha is able to decrease cortisol. Cortisol is released in stressy situations and too much of it can be very dangerous to humans. It strengthens the immune system and is known to increase sexual energy. In Ayurvedic medicine, it is sometimes used as an aphrodisiac. It also works well against erectyle dysfunctions and in tantra, it is used to extend the erection.It is also suggested that it has anti-cancer properties. Right now, there are several experiments being conducted who try to prove this assumption. It has already been proven that it is effective as a supplement against cancer.

Ashoka

Botanical name: Saraca indica, ashoka tree

Description:

Seed powder of Ashoka with water helps to check kidney stone.Decoction of bark of Ashoka tree is useful in amenorrhoea, leucorrhoea and other gynaecological disorders. Use of Ashoka bark tones the musckes of uterus.When there is pain due to scanty menstruation, use of Ashoka’s bark gives good result.Overdose of Ashoka bark acts as abortifacient. I.e it aborts the foetus.Milk boiled with decoction of bark of Ashoka tree is useful in excessive bleeding in females.Use of Ashoka’s bark gives beneficial results when there is enlargement of lymph nodes. Use of Ashoka’s bark is indicated in excessive thirst, burning sensation, worm infestation. When a person has used poisons its use gives good results. Ashoka tree has the potential of curing the body’s emaciation and disorders of blood.

Azkhar Makki

Botanical name: Cymbopogon martini,Cymbopogon jwarancusa,Lemongrass

Lemongrass is native to India and tropical Asia. It is widely used as a herb in Asian cuisine. It has a subtle citrus flavor and can be dried and powdered, or used fresh. It is commonly used in teas, soups, and curries. It is also suitable for use with poultry, fish, beef, and seafood. It is often used as a tea in African countries.Lemongrass oil is used as a pesticide and a preservative. Research shows that lemongrass oil has antifungal properties.Despite its ability to repel insects, its oil is commonly used as a “lure” to attract honey bees. “Lemongrass works conveniently as well as the pheromone created by the honeybee’s Nasonov gland, also known as attractant pheromones. Because of this, lemongrass oil can be used as a lure when trapping swarms or attempting to draw the attention of hived bees.”Lemon grass oil, used as a pesticide and preservative, is put on the ancient palm-leaf manuscripts found in India as a preservative. It is used at the Oriental Research Institute Mysore.It has medicinal properties and is used extensively in Ayurvedic medicine. It is supposed to help with relieving cough and nasal congestion.

Azraqi

Botanical name: Strychnos nux-vomica, poison nut

The properties of Nux Vomica are those of the alkaloid strychnine.In the Indian (Ayush) system of medicine, “hudar” is a mixture containing Strychnos nux-vomica and used to elevate blood pressure.The seeds are first immersed in water for five days, in milk for two days followed by their boiling in milk. Then it is used orally in medicine.Externally in case of ointments it is rubrificient, and used to treat the male sexual organ diseases. And works very fine for insufficiency of libido.In India, the quality/toxicity of traditional medical crude and processed Strychnos seeds can be controlled by examining the toxic .Strychnos nux-vomica is also used in homeopathy.This seed is best nervine tonic.It rises blood pressure and helps to keep away weakness.

Baansa

Botanical name: Malabar Nut, Justicia adhatoda

Several alkaloids are present in the leaves. The most important is vasicine, a quinazoline alkaloid. The vasicine yield of the herbage has been measured as 0.541 to 1.1% by dry weight.This shrub has a number of traditional medicinal uses in Siddha Medicine, Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine.Vasicine, the active compound, has been compared to theophylline . Another, vasicinone, showed bronchodilatory activity .Both the alkaloids in combination (1:1) showed pronounced bronchodilatory activity.Both alkaloids are also respiratory stimulants. Vasicine has a cardiac–depressent effect, while vasicinone is a weak cardiac stimulant; the effect can be normalized by combining the alkaloids.Vasicine is reported to have a uterine stimulant effect.Vasicinone was shown to have an antianaphylactic action.

Babchi psoralia

Botanical name: Psoralea corylifolia (Babchi), Psoralea corylifolia

It is used to treat itching red papules, itching eruptions, extensive eczema with thickened dermis, ringworm, rough and discolored dermatosis, dermatosis with fissures, and scabies.It has shown to improve the color of skin, hair, and nails.Seeds are given in scorpion-sting and snake bite. Seeds are useful in bilious disorders.P. corylifolia extracts have found to possess antitumor, antihyperglycemic, antidepressant, and antioxidant activities.Its water extract possesses antibacterial property.Seed and extract powder are used as diuretic, anthelminthic, laxative, and for healing wounds.Seeds are used as stomachic, stimulant, aphrodisiac,and diaphoretic.It is used in the treatment of various kinds of disorders, such as asthma, cough, nephritis, and others. The major components psoralen and isopsoralen have antitumor, antibacterial, and antiviral properties.It is a good hair tonic and hence used in alopecia areata and hair loss.It is an effective invigorant against impotence, menstruation disorder, and uterine hemorrhage.It is a cure for gynecologic bleeding.It is also useful to treat spermatorrhea and premature ejaculation. It shows coronary vasodilatory activity.The seeds act as deobstruent and heal ulcer, heart troubles, and cure blood disorders and elephantitis.The crude drug has been used for the treatment of enuresis, pollakiuria, painful feeling of cold in the waist and knees, and weak kidney. It is used in the treatment of debility and other problems related to kidney inefficiency, such as febrile disorders, low back pains, frequent urination, incontinence, and bed wetting.The root is useful in treating the caries of the teeth. P. corylifolia is used to promote bone calcification, making it useful for treating osteoporosis and bone fractures. Leaves are used to alleviate diarrhea. Fruit is bitter, helps to prevent vomiting, cures difficulty in micturition, used in treating piles, bronchitis, and anemias and improves complexion. P. corylifolia contains bavachinin, corylifolinin, and psoralen all of which inhibit the multiplication of osteosarcoma and lung cancer cells. They are also useful in fibrosarcoma, malignant ascites, and leukemia. It has hepatoprotective properties.corylifolia is used in lumbago and tuberculosis. Essential oil is used as tonic and aphrodisiac. Seeds are sweet, bitter, acrid, and astringent. They impart vigor and vitality; improve digestive power and receptive power of mind. Seeds are antipyretic and alexiteric. P. corylifolia is a well-known nervine tonic in vata diseases. It is used in the treatment of intestinal amebiasis. The herb is cytotoxic, antimutagenic, and antirepellant.

Badam

Botanical Name: Almond, Prunus dulcis

The almond is often eaten on its own, raw or toasted, it is also a component of various dishes. Almonds are available in many forms, such as whole, sliced (flaked, slivered), and as flour. Almonds yield almond oil and can also be made into almond butter or almond milk. These products can be used in both sweet and savoury dishes.Along with other nuts, almonds can be sprinkled over breakfasts and desserts, particularly muesli or ice cream-based dishes. Almonds are used in marzipan, nougat, many pastries (including jesuites), cookies (including French macarons, macaroons), and cakes (including financiers), noghl, and other sweets and desserts. They are also used to make almond butter, a spread similar to peanut butter, popular with peanut allergy sufferers and for its naturally sweeter taste. The young, developing fruit of the almond tree can be eaten whole (“green almonds”) when they are still green and fleshy on the outside and the inner shell has not yet hardened. The fruit is somewhat sour, but is a popular snack in parts of the Middle East, eaten dipped in salt to balance the sour taste. Also in the Middle East they are often eaten with dates. They are available only from mid-April to mid-June in the Northern Hemisphere; pickling or brining extends the fruit’s shelf life.

Badranj boya

Botanical name: Oleander, Nerium oleander

Heart problems.Asthma.Menstrual pain.As a poison.Skin problems, when applied to the skin..Warts, when applied to the skin..Helping with muscle cramps.Natural support for asthma, epilepsy and paralysis.Help for skin conditions such as eczema.Powerful all natural organic insecticide.Usefulness in aiding heart conditions.Natural support for healthy blood sugar levels.Possible support for the HIV virus.Usefulness in increasing healing times for wounds, when crushed and applied topically.Powerful immune-system stimulator.Promoting normal menstrual cycles.Aiding the body in the fight against arthritis, psoriasis & hepatitis C.

Baheera

Botanical name: Terminalia bellirica, bastard myrobalan

Terminalia bellerica and Terminalia chebula are both used for high cholesterol anddigestive disorders, including both diarrhea and constipation, and indigestion. They have also been used for HIV infection.Terminalia bellerica is used to protect the liver and to treat respiratory conditions, including respiratory tract infections, cough, and sore throat.Terminalia chebula is used for dysentery.Terminalia bellerica and Terminalia chebula are used as a lotion for sore eyes.Terminalia chebula is also used topically as a mouthwash and gargle.Intravaginally, Terminalia chebula is used as a douche for treating vaginal infections.In traditional Ayurvedic medicine, Terminalia bellerica has been used as a “health-harmonizer” in combination with Terminalia chebula and Emblica officinalis. This combination is also used to lower cholesterol and to prevent death of heart tissue.Treating chest pain (angina) after a heart attack, when used with conventional medications.Treating congestive heart failure (CHF), when used with conventional medications.Large-scale, long-term trials are needed to clarify any role terminalia might have in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Bahi dana

Botanical name: Cydonia oblonga, quince fruit

Being rich in dietary fiber, quince is good for those people who are trying to lose weight and maintain a healthy body.Quince boasts of antioxidant properties, which helps the body fight against free radicals and reduces the risk of cancer.Researches have revealed that quinces might be rich in various anti-viral properties.Consumption of quince has been found to be beneficial for people suffering from gastric ulcer.Quince juice is known to have tonic, antiseptic, analeptic, astringent and diuretic properties.It is believed that eating quince is good for maintaining the optimum health of an individual.Regular consumption of quince not only aids in digestion, but also helps lower cholesterol.The presence of potassium in quince helps the body keep high blood pressure in check.The vitamin C present in quince helps reduce the risk of heart disease in individuals.If consumed on a regular basis, quince proves beneficial for those afflicted with tuberculosis, hepatic insufficiency, diarrhea and dysentery.Those suffering from liver diseases and eye diseases would surely benefit from regular quince consumption.Being rich in antioxidants, quince is believed to be helpful in relieving stress and attaining calm.Quince is low in saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium, while having lots of vitamin C, dietary fiber and copper.Quince juice is good for those suffering from anemia, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory illnesses, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and even asthma.The juice as well as pulp of boiled or baked quince fruit serves as a good anti-emetic remedy.

Bal charr

Botanical name: Indian Valerian,Valeriana officinalis

Indian Valerian is a well-known and frequently used medicinal herb that has a long and proven history of efficacy. It is noted especially for its effect as a tranquilliser and nervine, particularly for those people suffering from nervous overstrain. Valerian has been shown to encourage sleep, improve sleep quality and reduce blood pressure.

Balangoo marzanjosh niaz bo

Botanical name: Ocimum basilicum, Basil

The tulsi plant has many medicinal properties. The leaves are a nerve tonic and also sharpen memory. They promote the removal of the catarrhal matter and phlegm from the bronchial tube. The leaves strengthen the stomach and induce copious perspiration. The seed of the plant are mucilaginous.The leaves of basil are specific for many fevers. During the rainy season, when malaria and dengue fever are widely prevalent, tender leaves, boiled with tea, act as preventive against theses diseases. In case of acute fevers, a decoction of the leaves boiled with powdered cardamom in half a liter of water and mixed with sugar and milk brings down the temperature. The juice of tulsi leaves can be used to bring down fever. Extract of tulsi leaves in fresh water should be given every 2 to 3 hours. In between one can keep giving sips of cold water. In children, it is every effective in bringing down the temperature.It is an important constituent of many Ayurvedic cough syrups and expectorants. It helps to mobilize mucus in bronchitis and asthma. Chewing tulsi leaves relieves cold and flu.Water boiled with basil leaves can be taken as drink in case of sore throat. This water can also be used as a gargle.The herb is useful in the treatment of respiratory system disorder. A decoction of the leaves, with honey and ginger is an effective remedy for bronchitis, asthma, influenza, cough and cold. A decoction of the leaves, cloves and common salt also gives immediate relief in case of influenza. They should be boiled in half a liter of water till only half the water is left and add then taken.Common pediatric problems like cough cold, fever, diarrhea and vomiting respond favorably to the juice of basil leaves. If pustules of chicken pox delay their appearance, basil leaves taken with saffron will hasten them.Basil leaves are regarded as an ‘adaptogen’ or anti-stress agent. Recent studies have shown that the leaves afford significant protection against stress. Even healthy persons can chew 12 leaves of basil, twice a day, to prevent stress. It purifies blood and helps prevent several common elements.

Banafsha

Botanical name: Viola odorata, garden violet

The sweet scent of this flower has proved popular throughout the generations particularly in the late Victorian period, and has consequently been used in the production of many cosmetic fragrances and perfumes. The French are also known for their violet syrup, most commonly made from an extract of violets. In the United States, this French violet syrup is used to make violet scones and marshmallows. The scent of violet flowers is distinctive with only a few other flowers having a remotely similar odour. References to violets and the desirable nature of the fragrance go back to classical sources such as Pliny and Horace when the name ‘Ion’ was in use to describe this flower from which the name of the distinctive chemical constituents of the flower, the ionones – is derived. In 1923 Poucher writes that the flowers are widely cultivated both in Europe and the East for their fragrance, with both the flowers and leaves being separately collected and extracted for fragrance, and flowers also collected for use in confectionary and the production of a galenical syrup. and people also make medecine from it.The violet leaf absolute however remains widely used in modern perfumery.The leaves are edible and contain a deal of soothing mucilage.It has the soothing effects for cough.It clears the lungs from the phelgam .It is ferbrifuge for persons who work in hot weather.

Bao barang

Botanical name: Embelia ribes, False Black Pepper

It is Appetiser and Mild laxative.

Carminative: Either prevents formation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract or facilitates the expulsion of gas

Anthelmintic: Useful against tapeworms, but not other parasites.

Alexiteric: It is believed to be useful in snake bite (resists poison), but it is not sufficient antidote to the venom.It is a common practice to put a few berries of the plant in the milk that is given to young children as it is believed to prevent flatulence.Sushruta describes the fruit as anthelmintic, alterative and tonic, and recommends their use along with liquorice root, for the purpose of strengthening the body and preventing the effects of age.Vidhang fruit extract has cestocidal activity and has activity against Ascaridia galli in infected fowl (Gallus domesticus).

Bao khanbah

Botanical name: Careya arborea,Wild Guava

An astringent gum exudes from the fruit and stem, and the bark is made into coarse cordage. The Tamil name Puta-tanni-maram signifies ”water- bark-tree,” in allusion to the exudation trickling down the bark in dry weather. Bark surface flaking in thin strips, fissured, dark grey; crown spreading. Leaves arranged spirally, often clustered at the apices of twigs, simple, broadly obovate, tapering at base, margin toothed, stipules small, caducous. Flowers in an erect raceme at the end of branches.The bark of the tree and the sepals of the flowers are well-known Indian remedies, and are valued on account of their astringent and mucilaginous properties, being administered internally in coughs and colds and applied externally as an embrocation.

Baqain

Botanical name: Persian Lilac/Bead tree, Persian Lilac

Bark and fruit extract is used to kill parasitic roundworms. In Manipur, leaves and flowers are used as poultice in nervous headache. Leaves, bark and fruit are insect repellant. Seed-oil is used in rheumatism. Wood-extract is used in asthma. The root, bark, leaves of Persian lilac is used to headache, skin diseases, wounds and internal bleeding due to viper bite.

Baranjasif

Botanical name: common yarrow, Achillea millefolium

Yarrow is an herb. The above ground parts are used to make medicine.Yarrow is used for fever, common cold, hay fever, absence of menstruation, dysentery, diarrhea, loss of appetite, gastrointestinal (GI) tract discomfort, and to induce sweating.Some people chew the fresh leaves to relieve toothache.Yarrow is applied to the skin to stop bleeding from hemorrhoids; for wounds; and as a sitz bath for painful, lower pelvic, cramp-like conditions in women.In combination with other herbs, yarrow is used for bloating, intestinal gas (flatulence), mild gastrointestinal (GI) cramping, and other GI complaints.In foods, the young leaves and flowers of yarrow are used in salads.In manufacturing, yarrow is also used as a cosmetic cleanser and in snuff. Yarrow oil is used in shampoos.Yarrow contains many chemicals that might affect blood pressure and possibly have anti-inflammatory effects.Fever.Common cold.Hay fever.Diarrhea.Stomach discomfort.Bloating.Gas.Toothache.Other conditions.

Bayd Mushk

Botanical name: Salix caprea, great sallow

Goat Willow has a very long history of use. It had been mentioned in ancient Egyptian and Sumerian texts, usually as a remedy against fevers and aches. It was also mentioned by Hippocrates, ancient Greek physician, as a powerful medicinal herb. Its active substance, salicin, is responsible for the plant’s medicinal properties. When taken internally, salicin converts to salicylic acid (the precursor of aspirin). Therefore, Goat Willow is an effective remedy for fevers, headaches, digestive disturbances and rheumatic pains. When used externally, it can be very helpful as a disinfectant and astringent in treatments of cuts and sores. Salicin, an active compound found in goat willow, acts like aspirin when consumed. Used externally, the herb is a powerful astringent and disinfectant. It is used to treat minor cuts and sores.

Bayr Bahooti Aroosak

Botanical name: Red velvet mite

It is hot and dry in temperament.

It is used in male sexual disorders.

It is used as paste to apply in penis or as an oil to massage on penis.

Some time it is used orally as well.

In some cases of chicken pox it used when the whole episode is gone to elevate the scared area where chicken pox was produced.

Bayza Murgh -Roghan-Zardir

Egg yolk & oil

Cosmetics

Egg yolk has been used in traditional cosmetics since the eleventh century in Jewish, Greek, Arab and Latin cultures. Several popular modern cosmetic brands contain egg oil.

Skin care

Egg oil can be used as an excipient/carrier in a variety of cosmetic preparations such as creams, ointments, sun-screen products or lotions where it acts as an emollient, moisturizer, anti-oxidant, penetration enhancer, occlusive skin conditioner and anti-bacterial agent.For treatment of scabies in Spain, oil of egg yolk was used along with oil of castor and roses in ancient Andalusia.

Wounds

Egg oil was traditionally used in treating wounds and injuries.In the 16th century, Ambroise Paré used a solution of egg yolk, oil of roses, and turpentine for war wounds, an old method that the Romans had discovered 1000 years before him. He published his first book ‘The method of curing wounds caused by arquebus and firearms’ in 1545.

Egg oil is a potential source of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid for infant nutrition or combined with fish oil for infant formula production. It is also a source of vitamin D.Egg yolks are rich sources of both iron and DHA and have a soft texture that is suitable for this age group. Scientists are also studying the benefits of egg yolks that are fortified with extra fatty acids (enriched egg yolks.) However, many parents may be concerned about the cholesterol content of egg yolks.

Beej Bund

Botanical name: Sida cordifolia, country mallow

cordifolia is used in Ayurvedic medicine . It is used in neurological ailments,especially in Stroke rehabilitation. Known as “malva branca”, it is a plant used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation of the oral mucosa, blenorrhea, asthmatic bronchitis and nasal congestion, stomatitis, of asthma and nasal congestion and in many parts of Africa for various ailments, particularly for respiratory problems.It has been investigated as an anti-inflammatory, for preventing cell proliferation, and for encouraging liver re-growth. Due to its ephedrine content, it possesses psychostimulant properties, affecting the central nervous system and also the heart.A 50% ethanolic extract of Sida cordifolia tested on rats showed potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity comparable with the standard drug deprenyl.The plant has demonstrated anti-pyretic and anti-ulcerogenic properties.The aqueous extract of Sida cordifolia stimulates liver regeneration in rats.

Behman Sufaid

Botanical name: Centaurea behen, centaury

dried powder pf behen root when taken with milk strengthen the memory.Flour made of the root is also considered nutritive, aphrodisiac andfattening.Regarded as useful resolvent of excess phlegmatic humours, used in calculous affections and jaundice.It also act as a semenagogue.When taken with milk or some other suitable vehicle relieves sexual debility.

Behman Surkh

Botanical name: Centaurea behen, Bloody Sage

The dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, for example, has been used extensively for the treatment of coronary and cerebrovascular disease, sleep disorders, hepatitis, hepatocirrhosis, chronic renal failure, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, carbuncles and ulcers.These include sedative and hypnotic, hallucinogenic, skeletal muscle relaxant, analgesic, memory enhancing, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective and antiparkinsonian activity, as well as the inhibition of ethanol and morphine withdrawal syndrome.

Berg e Sadab

Botanical name: Ruta graveolens, garden rue

Warm and dry in the third degree.It sharpens the eyesight and dissipates flatulence.It augments the sperm and dampens the desire for coitus.Neutralization of the Dangers: With foods that multiply the sperm.Common rue is said to promote the onset of menstruation and of uterine contractions;[citation needed] for this reason the refined oil of rue was cited by the Roman historian Pliny the Elder and the gynecologist Soranus as a potent abortifacient (inducing abortion). Rue contains pilocarpine which is used in horses to induce abortion.It is also used in Brazil as the key ingredient in homemade herbal cough syrup, when mashed with caramelized sugar and honey.The bitter leaf can be added to eggs, cheese, fish, or mixed with damson plums and wine to produce a meat sauce.It was used extensively in ancient Middle Eastern and Roman cuisine (according to Apicius. Rue leaves and berries are an important part of the cuisine of Ethiopia. Rue is used as a traditional flavouring in Greece and other Mediterranean countries.

Bhalan Waan

Botanical name: Semecarpus anacardium,marking nut

Various parts of these plants are commonly used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of various ailments, mainly alimentary tract and certain dermatological conditions. Reports have shown noticeable impact on illnesses related to the heart, blood pressure respiration, and neurological disorders.

Birhami Booti
Botanical name: Centella asiatica, Indian pennywort

Centella asiatica is used in India to treat disorders of the skin, nervous system and blood. In Ayurvedic medicine it has wide application in the treatment of mental illness. Additionally, it possessed anti-depressant activity which appeared to be mediated through the D2 receptor and cholinomimetic activity which was blocked by atropine and chlorpromazine.although centella is promoted for its health benefits, “available scientific evidence does not support claims of its effectiveness for treating cancer or any other disease in humans”. However some research has shown a possible health benefit in the form of reduction of the progression of subclinical arterial lesions in low-risk asymptomatic subjects

Vitamins A, B, C and D, volatile oil, calcium, chromium, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, selenium, silica, zinc.it is considered to be an adaptogen, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anxiolytic, diuretic, digestive, nervine, and vulnerary. it is excellent in treatment of varicose veins. It can help reduce swelling, repair connective tissues and improve circulation. It increases keratinisation, and appears to be very helpful in wound healing, treatment of bruises, sores and ulcers. It is one of the most valuable herbs in Ayurvedic medicine, because it revitalizes nerve and brain cells, increases memory and concentration, and has an overall rejuvenating effect on our body. It enhances metabolic processes, and is often referred to as an “elixir of life”.

Bisfaij

Botanical name: Polypodium vulgare ,common polypody,

Polypody has traditional uses in cooking for its aroma and sweet taste, and in herbal medicine as a purgative and vermifuge.The rhizome has a bittersweet taste. It has traditionally been used in some confectionery such as nougat for its aromatic properties. In 1971, a saponin, osladin was found in the roots and believed to be the compound responsible for the sweet taste as it elicits a relative sweetness 500 times sweeter than sugar (by weight).The dried rhizome is used in herbal medicine as a purgative and vermifuge; these properties are due to the phytoecdysteroids in the rhizome.

Bohar

Botanical name: Banyan Tree ,Ficus bangalensis

The banyan tree is easily identified by its aerial roots and leathery broad leaves. The banyan tree is also known by other names such as the Nyagrodhah, Bargad, Peral, Vata, Vatagach and in India it is also referred to as the ‘wish fulfilling’ tree. The various useful parts of the banyan tree include its leaf buds, bark, latex as well as the fruits.The latex of banyan tree is used in nocturnal pollution, as well as in premature ejaculation in required doses with suitable ingredients in appropriate preparations.The soft buds and stilt roots powder is effective in sexual debility and where semen is required to be made viscous.The health benefits and the therapeutic uses of the banyan tree include its effectiveness in curing dysentery and chronic diarrhea. In this treatment, the leaf buds of the banyan tree are soaked in water overnight and then consumed the next morning. In fact the medicinal benefits of the banyan tree are also found in its latex which is also used to treat dysentery and diarrhea.

Treatment for piles is yet another one of the medicinal uses of the banyan tree wherein a few drops of the latex of the banyan tree should be mixed with some milk and consumed daily as part of a natural treatment for bleeding piles. Along with this home remedy, while treating piles, the individual should also follow a diet that is abundant in green vegetables such as black nightshade leaves and fenugreek.Health benefits of the banyan tree also result in the treatment of female sterility. In this treatment the roots of the banyan tree should be dried and then ground to a fine powder which should then be mixed with five times the quantity of milk and consumed for three nights consecutively after every menstruation cycle till the woman conceives.

The banyan tree is also known to be effective in treating leucorrhoea which is achieved by regularly douching the genital tract with a mixture of the bark of the fig tree and the banyan tree.The health benefits of the banyan tree also extend to teeth disorders. It has been observed that cleaning the teeth using the aerial roots of the banyan tree is known to help in preventing various teeth disorders. The astringent properties of the roots of the banyan tree tends to cleanse as well as strengthen the gums and the teeth.The latex obtained from the bark of the banyan tree is also known to be used locally as a natural treatment for lumbago and rheumatic pain. The latex is also used locally to treat skin disorders such as ulcers, bruises and sores.

Similarly the milk juice that is obtained from the banyan tree bark is also used as a natural remedy to get rid of skin moles. For best results it is advisable to apply this milk juice to the moles at least thrice a day.Tender roots of the banyan tree are considered beneficial in the treatment of female sterility. These roots should be dried in the shade and finely powdered. This powder should be mixed 5 times its weight, with milk, and taken at night for 3 consecutive nights after menstruation cycle every month till the conception takes place. No other food should be taken with this.The latex of banyan tree is used in nocturnal pollution, as well as in premature ejaculation in required doses with suitable ingredients in appropriate preparations.The soft buds and stilt roots powder is effective in sexual debility and where semen is required to be made viscous.

Bone Marrow

Beef bone marrow is a traditional ingredient in certain cuisines, such as Vietnamese or French. Beef bone marrow is the fatty and gelatinous matter inside large beef bones. The marrow becomes soft when roasted, and you can spread it on toast, use it in sauces or use it as a garnish. Beef bone marrow is high in certain nutrients, but it is also high in fat, so regular consumption can be dangerous for your health.

Calories

A 1/2-ounce serving of beef bone marrow contains 125.59 calories. Because beef bone marrow is so rich and high in fat, a serving is smaller than a serving of other common protein items such as steak or fish. Bone marrow is rarely eaten on its own. Instead it is commonly served as a spread with toast or as a garnish to other dishes such as roast fish. This means that when you eat one serving of beef bone marrow, you usually also are eating other foods as part of the dish, and you need to account for those calories as well.

Protein

A 1/2-ounce serving of beef bone marrow contains 0.04 grams of protein, which does not equal even 1 percent of the daily protein requirement for a 2,000-calorie-per-day diet. This is a negligible amount of protein as your body requires between 50 to 175 grams of protein daily, according to the Mayo Clinic website. Protein helps boost your immune function as well as your energy levels and helps to maintain and develop lean muscle mass.

Nutrients

A 1/2-ounce serving of beef bone marrow contains negligible amounts of nutrients. This serving size of beef bone marrow contains 6.31 milligrams of calcium, which is around 1 percent of your daily requirement. You need calcium for strong bones and teeth. It also works with potassium, magnesium and sodium to help maintain healthy blood pressure levels.

Fats

A serving of beef bone marrow contains 6.79 grams of unsaturated fat, which is 10 percent of your daily requirement on a 2,000-calorie diet. It contains zero grams of trans or saturated fats. Unsaturated fats may help in reducing overall cholesterol levels. However, you should limit your total fat consumption to between 20 percent and 35 percent of your daily calorie intake.

Boo Phali

Botanical name: Corchorus fascicularis, Corchorus

While perhaps better known as a fiber crop, jute is also a medicinal “vegetable”, eaten from Tanganyika to Egypt. Dried leaves were given me by an Egyptian friend who had brought them with him to this country. They are used in soups under the Arabic name “Molukhyia.” In India the leaves and tender shoots are eaten. The dried material is there known as “nalita.” Injections of olitoriside markedly improve cardiac insufficiencies and have no cumulative attributes; hence, it can serve as a substitute for strophanthin.

Reported to be demulcent, deobstruent, diuretic, lactagogue, purgative, and tonic, tussah jute is a folk remedy for aches and pains, dysentery, enteritis, fever, dysentery, pectoral pains, and tumors . Ayurvedics use the leaves for ascites, pain, piles, and tumors. Elsewhere the leaves are used for cystitis, dysuria, fever, and gonorrhea. The cold infusion is said to restore the appetite and strength.

Bora Armani

Botanical name: Bora Armani

It is an expectorant. It relieves form the gases.It removes the black bile from the body and works as a blood purifier.It removes the phlegm by the digestive system.It is useful in asthama, phlegmatic cough.Being blood purifier it gives the rubrifrigent effect on skin , so its applied on the penis with the jasmine oil.

Book- makhzan ul mufridaat

Written by hakeem kabeer ud deen and hakeem M. anwar khan lodhi

Bozedaan

Botanical name: Sweet Pellitory

Pellitory root can be consumed in various ways in the of powder and decoction. It can be added to many herbal medicines to get relief from health problems. Medicinal uses of pellitory root is given below

Headache: Applying the pellitory root paste on the forehead during headache cures the pain and gives relief.Tooth

Ache: The powdered root can be added to the tooth powder for better tooth care and relief from tooth ache.Relief from Bad Breath: Pellitory root’s decoction can be used for gargling for freedom from bad breath.

Throat Problems: Gargling with the root’s decoction helps keep the throat problems away. It helps keep the throat clean, clear and free from infections.

Hiccoughs: In case of uncontrollable hiccoughs, taking the pellitory root powder along with honey gives best and instant results.Relief in Breathing Problems: Inhaling the pellitory root’s fine powder gives relief from lungs problems and the breathing problems.

Chronic Cough: Drinking 100 ml of root’s decoction every morning and evening cures chronic cough too.Pellitory root, flowers and even leaves are medicinal and can be consumed for curing many health problems. Consuming a pinch of pellitory flowers every 2-3 hours help in easing the breath for the asthma patients.

Chambaili

Botanical name: Jasminum Grandiflorum, Jasmine Flower

Health Benefits May Help:
• Relieve Stress
• Moisturize Skin
• Improve Sleeping Habits
• Improve Blood Circulation
• Remove Body Toxins
• Enhance Immune System
• Lower & Prevent High Blood Pressure
• Lower & Prevent Cholesterol
• Regulate Kidney Functions
• Enhance Eyesight
• Maintain Health in the Uterus
• Reduce Menopausal Symptoms
• Suppress Cancerous Cell Growth
• Improve Metabolism
• Reduce Body Fats
• Provide Antioxidants.

Charaita

Botanical name: Swertia chirata, Swertia

The ethanolic extract of S.chirayita exhibits hypoglycemic activity. Chirayatra is an effective drug for reducing fevers. It is specially beneficial in the treatment of malarial fevers. It is also effective in hysteria and convulsion. The herb is an excellent drug for strengthening the stomach and promoting its action. It is used in the treatment of dyspepsia and diarrhoea. Chirayata possesses anthelmintic that is, worms destroying, properties and is used in killing intestinal worms. An infusion of the herb is taken for this purpose. It serves as an effective tonic in case of general weakness and during convalescence. The infusion of the plant can be taken in doses of 60ml or40 tablespoons twice a day, before meals. The herb is used in the from of an infusion or tincture.The infusion is prepared in the hot water with aromatics likes cloves and cinnamon. It is generally taken in doses of 15 to 30 ml or 1 to 2 tablespoon. The root of the plant is useful in checking hiccups and vomitting. It is taken in doses of 0.5 to 2 grams with honey.

The chirayata herb is remarkable for its properties in the removal of all kinds of intestinal worms. An infusion of the herb is prepared and taken regularly during parasitic infestations. The Swertia chiretta is a therapeutic plant and its remedial usage has been recognized in the Indian pharmaceutical codex as well as the British and American Pharmacopoeias. In addition, the curative value of the herb has also been recorded by the ancient Indian herbal medicine system Ayurveda and other conventional medical systems. The herb as well as its extracts is used as a bitter stimulant to treat fever as well as curing several skin problems.It is much employed in urinary complaints with uneasiness in the region of the kidneys, frequent urging to urinate, which is accomplished with difficulty, and in cases of uric aciddeposits. It is a remedy also for convalescence from exhausting sickness, and for atonic and nervous forms of dyspepsia.

Basically, Swertia chiretta is a Ayurvedic therapeutic plant. An astringent stimulantprepared with the plant is an outstanding medication for weak stomach, particularly when itresults in indigestion, bloating and nausea. In addition, this bitter tonic is also said to be effectivein protecting the liver. Chirayata is a valuable bitter tonic. It is laxative and an appetizer. It also corrects the disordered process of nutrition and restores the normal function of the system. It is an effective herb for reducing fevers. It isespecially beneficial in the treatment of malarial fevers. It is also effective in hysteria andconvulsions. It also show hypoglycemic activity.

Charayla

Botanical name: Stone flower , Parmelea palata

Stone flower is also known as lichen because it grows in the form of lichens on the tree. Stone plant is small shrub that normally grows on the rocks and sometimes looks like a combination of algae and fungus. The upper layer of leaves is green-black and whitish from inside. They also grow on trees gaining nutrition from rain running down the tree. There are various species of lichens found variable shapes like tubular, upright, branching, and flat and leaf like.

Lichens are used as fodder in Indian states and also have various culinary uses.

It is thought to be a good pain reliever and used as a remedy to heal wounds.

It also cures various skin disorders. It acts as anti-fungal, anti-biotic, expectorant, astringent and anti-viral.

Chilghoza

Botanical name: Chilgoza pine, Pinus gerardiana

Chilgoza Pine is well known for its edible pine nuts, rich in carbohydrates and proteins. The seeds are locally called and marketed as “Chilgoza”, “Neja” (singular) or “Neje” (plural). Nearly 20 percent of the Pakistani forests consist of Chilgoza trees. Chilgoza is one of the most important cash crops of tribal people residing in the Kinnaurdistrict of Himachal Pradesh, India.It can be rightly established that in Afghanistan, it is found only in Kunnar, besides few other places in the world including Kabul. The seed is very expensive and fetches good money to the local people in Kinnaur.

Chiriya- sparrow
Botanical name: Sparrow

The brain and meat of sparrow is used for ancient times in unani medicine.It is called Kanjashak in Persian and Leham ul asfoor in Arabic.Its color is brown. And it is tasteless in eating.It is hot and dry in second order.It energize the man’s sexual power.Makes the human body healthy and keep the temperament natural.It is counted as best food for human.It gives strength to stomach.In unani medicine it is used to treat different types of paralysis, like paralysis of muscles especially the paralysis of penis. It strengthens the liver. It is used to treat diseases like ‘kanoor’ and jalandar.Reference Makhzan ul mufridaat almaroof khuwaas ul adviya. Written by Allama Hakim kabir ud deen and hakeem M. anwar khan lodhi. Recently reiewed by hakeem sayed safi ud deen.

Chob Chini

Botanical name: Smilax China, china root

Two species, s. domingensis & s. havanensis, are used in a traditional soda-like Cuban beverage called pru.The roots may also be used in soups or stews.The young shoots can be eaten raw or cooked and are said to taste like asparagus, and the berries can be eaten both raw and cooked.It is also a key ingredient in the Chinese medical dessert which makes use of its property to set certain kinds of jelly.The powdered roots of Jamaican Sarsaparilla are known as Rad. Sarzae. Jam. in pharmacy and are used medicinally as a cure for gout in Latin American countries.

Smilax preparations, for example of S. china, are also commonly used in herbalism to treat certain skin diseases which are caused or aggravated by hormonal imbalance, such as psoriasis and seborrhoeic dermatitis.Diosgenin, another steroidal sapogenin, is reported from S. menispermoidea. Other active compounds reported from various greenbrier species are parillin sarsapic acid, sarsapogenin and sarsaponin.Due to the nectar-rich flowers, species like S. medica and S. officinalis are also useful honey plants.The common floral decoration smilax is Asparagus asparagoides. For example, in the stage version of Harvey, the opening scene describes the home as being “festooned with smilax”.

Coconut

Botanical name: coconucifera, Coconut oil

Coconut oil is commonly used in cooking, especially for frying, and is a common flavor in many South Asian curries. It has been used for cooking (in tropical parts of the world) for thousands of years. In recent years, virgin coconut oil (VCO) has become increasingly popular in health and natural food circles and with vegans. It was described in a New York Times article as having a “haunting, nutty,” flavor that has a touch of sweetness, which works well in baked goods, pastries, and sautés. Coconut oil is used by movie theatre chains to pop popcorn, adding a large amount of saturated fat in the process.Coconut oil (along with laurel leaf oil and palm kernel oil) contains a large proportion of lauric acid, which is converted to monolaurin in the body, a fat otherwise found only in breast milk. Lauric acid is destroyed by some oil processing methods.

Other culinary uses include replacing solid fats produced through hydrogenation in baked and confectionery goods.Hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated coconut oil is often used in non-dairy creamers and snack foods, including popcorn. Hydrogenated coconut oil is sold in Australia under the brand-name Copha and is the main ingredient in Australian snacks such as Chocolate crackles and White Christmas.

The Philippines, Vanuatu, Samoa, and several other tropical island countries are using coconut oil as an alternative fuel source to run automobiles, trucks, and buses, and to power generators. Coconut oil is currently used as a fuel for transport in the Philippines. Further research into the potential of coconut oil as a fuel for electricity generation is being carried out in the islands of the Pacific, although to date it appears that it is not useful as a fuel source due to the cost of labour and supply constraints.

Coconut oil has been tested for use as an engine lubricant and as a transformer oil.Coconut oil can be used as a skin moisturizer, helping with dry skin and reduces protein loss when used in hair. Coconut oil can also be used as sexual lubricant, although it can damage latex condoms.soap made with coconut oil tends to be hard, although it retains more water than those made with other oils and therefore increases manufacturer yields. It is more soluble in hard watert than other soaps allowing it to lather more easily. A basic coconut oil soap is clear when melted and a bright white when hardened.

Daronaj Aqrabi

Botanical name: Aconitum variegatum, leopard’s bane

The roots of Aconitum ferox supply the Nepalese poison called bikh, bish, or nabee. It contains large quantities of the alkaloid pseudaconitine, which is a deadly poison. Aconitum palmatum yields another of the bikh poisons. The root of Aconitum luridum, of the Himalaya, is said to be as poisonous as that of A. ferox or A. napellus.Several species of Aconitum have been used as arrow poisons. The Minaro in Ladakh use A. napellus on their arrows to hunt ibex, while the Ainu in Japan used a species of Aconitum to hunt bear. The Chinese also used Aconitum poisons both for huntingand for warfare.Aconitum poisons were used by the Aleuts of Alaska’s Aleutian Islands for hunting whales. Usually, one man in a kayak armed with a poison-tipped lance would hunt the whale, paralyzing it with the poison and causing it to drown.

Desi Ghee

Botanical name: Desi ghee

Ayurveda General Principles of Management and Treatment that if one teaspoon or less is eaten per meal, ghee can actually help to increase HDL, the good cholesterol. Some additional reasons to use ghee when preparing your food are:

Digestion (helps absorb and assimilate nutrients)
• Improves memory
• Helps increase flexibility by lubricating the connective tissues
• Carries the medicinal properties of herbs into tissues .
• Stimulates the liver to produce fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K

Dhamasa

Botanical name: Fagonia cretica

It is the best blood purifier and decomposes blood clots to save from brain hemorrhage and heart problems.Prevents and treats Cancers.It’s flowers and leaves can treats all types of Thalasemia.Can be used for cooling effect.Treats all types of Hepatitis.Strengthens liver and prevents/cures liver cancer.Improves heart and mental ability.Helpful in treatment of body pains.Cures allergies.Heals pimples and other dermatology problems.Strengthens stomach.It alleviates symptoms like vomiting, thirst and burning sensation, etc.It increases the physical strength and weight of the week and under weight people.Helpful in controlling weight for bulky persons.Cures mouth & gum disorders.Normalizes blood pressure disorders.Treats asthma & breathing difficulty.Helps recovering from smoking side-effects.Hot infusion of Fagonia is given to prevent small pox.It increases urination and hence overhauls the kidneys and urination system.It is applied over neck stiffness.Being spermatogenic, improves sperm count in semen and helps normalizing the male and female reproductive systems.

Dhoodi Booti

Botanical name: Euphorbia hirta , Euphorbia hirta

Euphorbia hirta has been shown to kill various types of pathogenic bacteria, Plasmodium (potently).Euphorbia hirta has been claimed to have a curative effects on dengue patients, based on personal testimonies, particularly in the Philippines. Despite its widespread use, there is no evidence to support this claim. Mixed messages have been presented by representatives of the Philippine government. The Department of Health (DOH) says Euphorbia hirta is not enough for critical dengue patients, and urges oral rehydration therapy. Others, like former Health Secretary Jaime Galvez Tan, is actively promoting the herbal medication. Given the diversity of how dengue can present (with or without hemorrhage, various serotypes of the virus, etc.), efficacy of this herb may vary.

Doodh Gao

Botanical Name: Cow Milk ,Bos taurus

Sweet in taste (Swadu paka), heavy to digest, has coolant effect on the body (and mind).improves Ojas – Ojas is considered as the factor responsible for the immunity of the body. (Ojovardhaka)Nourishes the body tissues (Dhatu vardhaka)Acts as natural aphrodisiac.Does rejuvenation, increases life expectancy.Improves intelligence, strengthIncreases breast milk in the feeding mother.Assists in easy movement (peristalsis) of intestines.Relieves tiredness, dizziness, excessive thirst and hunger.Useful in diseases like severe debility, relieving stage of fever, diseases related to urinary system, bleeding disorders such as nasal bleeding,heavy menstrual bleeding etc,Cow milk for newborn – Cow milk is the next best thing to breast milk for the newborn.Effect of cow milk on Tridosha.Cow milk calms Vata and Pitta. Increases Kapha.

Various uses of cow milk in Ayurveda –

Milk with herbs: When we wish to use certain herbs with pungent and hot properties in children, or in person with less strength, those herbs are processed with cow milk. This serves three purposes
The herbal remedy gets the extra nutritional quality of milk
The pungency and the strength of the herb is lowered. Thus the herbal formula is made suitable for patient with less strength.
Milk acts as a fat and water soluble media for the active principles in the herb.

Elaiche elychi kalaan

Botanical name: Amomum subulatum, Black cardamom

Black cardamom is often erroneously described as an inferior substitute for green cardamom by those unfamiliar with the spice; actually, it is just not as well suited for the sweet/hot dishes which typically include cardamom, and that are more commonly prepared outside the plant’s native range. Black cardamom, by contrast, is better for hearty meat stews and similar dishes. Although the flavor differs from the smaller green cardamom, black cardamom is sometimes used by large-scale commercial bakers because of its low cost.In China, the pods are used for jin-jin braised meat dishes, particularly in the cuisine of the central-western province of Sichuan.The largest producer of the black cardamom is Nepal, followed by India and Bhutan. In traditional Chinese medicine, black cardamom is used for stomach disorders and malaria.

Elychi khurd
Botanical name: Cardamom, Cardamom

Both forms of cardamom are used as flavorings and cooking spices in both food and drink, and as a medicine. E. cardamomum (green cardamom) is used as a spice, a masticatory, and in medicine; it is also smoked, sometimesCardamom has a strong, unique taste, with an intensely aromatic, resinous fragrance. Black cardamom has a distinctly more smokey, though not bitter, aroma, with a coolness some consider similar to mint.Green cardamom is one of the most expensive spices by weight,but little is needed to impart flavor. It is best stored in pod form because once the seeds are exposed or ground, they quickly lose their flavor. When Cardamom is stored in an airtight (preferably a vacuum) container at temperatures below the freezing point of water, it can retain its flavor for many years. However, high-quality ground cardamom seed is often more readily (and cheaply) available and is an acceptable substitute. Grinding the pods and seeds together lowers both the quality and the price. For recipes requiring whole cardamom pods, a generally accepted equivalent is 10 pods equals 1½ teaspoons of ground cardamom.

It is a common ingredient in Indian cooking and is often used in baking in the Nordic countries, in particular in Sweden and Finland, where it is used in traditional treats such as Finnish sweet bread pulla and in the Scandinavian Christmas bread Julekake. In the Middle East, green cardamom powder is used as a spice for sweet dishes, as well as traditional flavouring in coffee and tea. Cardamom is used to some extent in savoury dishes. In some Middle Eastern countries, coffee and cardamom are often ground in a wooden mortar, a mihbaj, and cooked together in a skillet, a mehmas, over wood or gas, to produce mixtures as much as 40% cardamom.

In South Asia, green cardamom is often used in traditional Indian sweets and in masala chai (spiced tea). Black cardamom is sometimes used in garam masala for curries. It is occasionally used as a garnish in basmati rice and other dishes. It is often referred to as fat cardamom due to its size. Individual seeds are sometimes chewed and used in much the same way as chewing gum. It is even used by confectionery giant Wrigley; its Eclipse Breeze Exotic Mint packaging indicates it contains “cardamom to neutralize the toughest breath odors”. It has been known to be used in making gin and herbal teas.

Ferozah

Botanical name: Turquoise

Has the ability to repair the body emotionally and spiritually, as well as, physically by those who practice crystal healing. If you are prone to panic, it will calm the nerves and help you avoid succumbing to panic attacks. Furthermore, it combats depression.When you pursue crystal healing, using the turquoise stone may be extremely beneficial. It is known to purify the polluted air around you, as well as your lungs. Turquoise also has highly positive impacts on your immune system and emotional state of being. If you suffer from exhaustion, it is able to help you combat that and revitalize you. Turquoise can also fight depression and stop panic attacks. If you want the full benefits of turquoise, keep it with you as often as possible or hold it over the places that you need healed the most so that it will be able to work its wonders.

Fil fil siah- kaali mirch

Botanical name: Piper nigrum, Black pepper

Like many eastern spices, pepper was historically both a seasoning and a medicine. Long pepper, being stronger, was often the preferred medication, but both were used. Black Pepper (or perhaps long pepper) was believed to cure illness such as constipation, diarrhea,earache, gangrene, heart disease, hernia, hoarseness, indigestion, insect bites, insomnia, joint pain, liver problems, lung disease, oral abscesses, sunburn, tooth decay, and toothaches. Various sources from the 5th century onward also recommend pepper to treat eye problems, often by applying salves or poultices made with pepper directly to the eye. There is no current medical evidence that any of these treatments has any benefit; pepper applied directly to the eye would be quite uncomfortable and possibly damaging. Nevertheless, Black pepper, either powdered or its decoction, is widely used in traditional Indian medicine and as a home remedy for relief from sore throat, throat congestion, cough etc.

Pepper is known to cause sneezing.Pepper contains small amounts of safrole, a mildly carcinogenic compound. Also, it is eliminated from the diet of patients having abdominal surgery and ulcers because of its irritating effect upon the intestines, being replaced by what is referred to as a bland diet. However, extracts from black pepper have been found to have antioxidant properties and anti-carcinogenic effects, especially when compared to chili.

Piperine present in black pepper acts as a thermogenic compound. Piperine enhances the thermogenesis of lipid and accelerates energy metabolism in the body and also increases the serotonin and beta-endorphin production in the brain. Piperine and other components from black pepper may also be helpful in treating vitiligo, although when combined with UV radiation should be staggered due to the effect of light on the compound.

Filfil daraz peepal kalan

Botanical name: Piper longum, Long Pepper

Pippli Powder provides relief from cough and throat infection.It is also beneficial in nausea and congestion.Pippli Powder improves lungs health and also helps in detoxifying lungs and kidney.Pippli Powder enhances digestion, assimilation and metabolism of food.It is also used in the chronic dysentery.Pippli Powder has a strong urge to suppress any kind of infection due to its pungent taste. It prevents erosion of gastric membrane by stimulating mucin secretion and reducing shedding of the cells present on the stomach lining.Pippli Powder is a powerful Rasayana (rejuvenator) herb serving as longevity enhancer.It soothes the nerves and improves sleep quality at night.It provides better blood circulation and enhances immune system.Pippli Powder cleans shrotas (channels) which transport nutrients and helps to remove waste from the body.

Findaq

Botanical name: Corylus avellana, Hazelnuts

Hazel nuts are an excellent source of vitamin E; contain about 15 g per 100 g (providing 100% of RDA). Hazelnuts are very high in energy and loaded with numerous health-benefiting nutrients that are essential for optimum health. 100 g nuts provide 628 calories. The nuts are rich in mono-unsaturated fatty acids like oleic as well as essential fatty acid, linoleic acid that helps lower LDL or bad cholesterol and increase HDL or good cholesterol.

Research studies suggest that Mediterranean diet that is plentiful in monounsaturated fatty acids help to prevent coronary artery disease and strokes by favoring healthy blood lipid profile.These nuts are rich in dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals and packed with numerous health promoting phyto-chemicals. Altogether, they help protect from diseases and cancers.Hazels are exceptionally rich in folate, which is a unique feature for the nuts. 100 g fresh nuts contain 113 µg; that is about 28% recommended daily intake of this vitamin. Folate is an important vitamin that helps prevent megaloblastic anemia and most importantly, neural tube defects in the newborn. Good news for expectant mothers!Vitamin E is a powerful lipid soluble antioxidant, required for maintaining the integrity of cell membrane of mucus membranes and skin by protecting it from harmful oxygen-free radicals.The nuts, like almonds, are free from gluten and therefore, are safe alternative food sources that can be used in the preparation of gluten-free food formulas for gluten-sensitive, wheat allergy, and celiac disease patients.

Gajar gazar

Botanical name: Daucus carota, The carrot

Carrots can be eaten in a variety of ways. Only 3% of the ?-carotene in raw carrots is released during digestion: this can be improved to 39% by pulping, cooking and adding cooking oil. Alternatively they may be chopped and boiled, fried or steamed, and cooked in soups and stews, as well as baby and pet foods. A well-known dish is carrots julienne.Together with onion and celery, carrots are one of the primary vegetables used in a mirepoix to make various broths.

The greens are edible as a leaf vegetable, but are only occasionally eaten by humans; some sources suggest that the greens contain toxic alkaloids. When used for this purpose, they are harvested young in high-density plantings, before significant root development, and typically used stir-fried, or in salads. Some people are allergic to carrots.It have been peeled and cut into uniform cylinders have been a popular ready-to-eat snack food available in many supermarkets. Carrots are puréed and used as baby food, dehydrated to make chips, flakes, and powder, and thinly sliced and deep-fried, like potato chips.The sweetness of carrots allows the vegetable to be used in some fruit-like roles. Grated carrots are used in carrot cakes, as well as carrot puddings, an old English dish thought to have originated in the early 19th century. Carrots can also be used alone or with fruits in jam and preserves. Carrot juice is also widely marketed, especially as a health drink, either stand-alone or blended with fruits and other vegetables.

Gandana

Botanical name: Allium ampeloprasum, Leek

The leek is a vegetable that belongs, along with onion and garlic, to the genus Allium.The edible part of the leek plant is a bundle of leaf sheaths that is sometimes erroneously called a stem or stalk.Leek has about the same properties as garlic, but to a lesser degree. It also stimulates appetite and helps to relieve congestion in the respiratory passages. Leek makes a good, non-irritating diuretic. The crushed leaves can be used externally to ease the sting of insect bites. Leeks are good for keeping blood vessels elastic and preventing premature aging. Eating plenty of the Allium varieties, such as chives, garlic, leeks, etc. will result in intestinal worms being eliminated.

Gandhak

Botanical name: Sulfur

Sulfur has elements that can eliminate acne, so it is included in their treatments. Medications for dandruff, pityriasis versicolor rosacea and warts have this ingredient. Seborrheic dermatitis and scabies can be treated with this element. Sulfur is effective because of its keratolytic, antibacterial and anti-fungal properties. Combining alcohol and sulfur can be used to treat acne and other skin disorders.Solutions with sulfur can be used to accelerate the healing of wounds. As far back as ancient Greece it was used to cure wounds. Sulfur can be used to treat hemorrhoids, arthritis, hypothyroidism and homeopathy.

Gao Danti

Botanical name: Godanti Bhasma, Godanti Bhasma

It is used in the treatment of leucorrhoea, Fever due to Pitta imbalance, Chronic fever, cough, cold, asthma, anemia, chest injury, emaciation and wasting in children. It improves strength and immunity.

Gao Zaban
Botanical name: Borago officinalis, Borage

Traditionally Borago officinalis is used in hyperactive gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders, such as gastrointestinal (colic, cramps, diarrhea), airways (asthma, bronchitis), cardiovascular, (cardiotonic, antihypertensive and blood purifier), urinary (diuretic and kidney/bladder disorders).In Iran people make a tea for relieve colds, flu, bronchitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and kidney inflammation. It is said to be warm in nature and alleviates symptoms that are caused by using food that is cold in nature such as cucumber and fish. People with heart problems can benefit using the borage tea,since it promotes reaching more oxygen to the heart, that’s why one should use this herb in moderate amounts.Naturopathic practitioners use borage for regulation of metabolism and the hormonal system, and consider it to be a good remedy for PMS and menopause symptoms such as the hot flash. The flowers can be prepared in infusion.

Gao Zan Qarn ul Eil Stag Horn
Botanical name: Stag horn

The first documented evidence of the use of velvet deer antler as a medicine was found on a silk scroll recovered from a Han tomb in the Human Province in China. The scroll is believed to be about 2,000 years old and recommends medical treatments and prescriptions for 52 different diseases using deer antler.

It is used in herbal system of medicine for:

Growth Hormone Factors.
Accelerated Wound Healing.
Improving Recovery Time.
Modulating The Immune System.
Oriental Medicine.
To control the fevers of all type.

Gayroo
Botanical name: Red ochre

Deficient yin of the liver and kidneys and hyperactivity of liver yang manifested as distension Red ochre and pain in the head and eyes, dizziness and vertigo.Red ochre is used with Dragon’s bone , Oyster shell , White peony root

Rebellious stomach qi manifested as vomiting and belching. Red ochre is used with Inula flower , Fresh ginger and Pinellia tuber.
Asthma due to deficiency of the lung and kidneys. Red ochre is used with Ginseng and Dogwood fruit .
Extravasation of blood by heat manifested as vomiting with blood and epistaxis.
Chronic uterine bleeding manifested as dizziness and blurred vision due to deficient blood.
To pacify the liver and subdue the yang;

To conduct rebellious qi downward and stop vomiting;
To stop bleeding

Ghaghar Bayl
Botanical name: Luffa echinata, Luffa echinata

Bristly luffa (Luffa echinata), a member of the cucurbitaceae family is an Ayurvedic medicinal plant, which has been used in the traditional system of medicine for variety of symptoms. The active constituents like cucurbitacin, saponin, echinatin, ?-Sitosterol, oleanolic acid and flavonoids have important pathophysiological effects on human body. However, there is no earlier published report of any toxicity on humans. We report a case of a 50-year-old gentleman, who presented with gastrointestinal bleeding, deranged liver function and shock following consumption of dried fruits of Luffa echinata soaked overnight in water. He had antral gastritis and duodenal erosions on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and was managed conservatively and recovered completely.

Gilo
Botanical name: Tinospora Cordifolia, Guduchi

Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) is a widely used shrub in folk and ayurvedic systems of medicine.

The notable medicinal properties reported are anti-diabetic

anti-periodic
anti-spasmodic,
anti-inflammatory
anti-arthritic
anti-oxidant,
anti-allergic
anti-stress
anti-leprotic
anti-malarial
Hepatoprotective
immunomodulatory
anti-neoplastic activities.

Glucose
Botanical name: Glucose syrup

Its major uses in commercially prepared foods are as a thickener, sweetener, and humectant (an ingredient that retains moisture and thus maintains a food’s freshness). Glucose syrup is also widely used in the manufacture of a variety of candy products.In the United States, cane sugar quotas raise the price of sugar; hence, domestically produced corn syrup and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) are less expensive alternatives that are often used in American-made processed and mass-produced foods, candies, soft drinks and fruit drinks to help control cost.Glucose syrup was the primary corn sweetener in the United States prior to the expanded use of HFCS production. HFCS is a variant in which other enzymes are used to convert some of the glucose into fructose. The resulting syrup is sweeter and more soluble. Corn syrup is also available as a retail product.Glucose syrup is often used as part of the mixture that goes into creating fake blood for films and television. Blood mixtures that contain glucose syrup are very popular among independent films and film makers, as it is cheap and easy to obtain.

Gond kateera
Botanical name: Cochlospermum religiosum, Buttercup tree

Counterirritant, anodyne, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, external rubefacient,epispastic Fresh leaves historically used as external rubefacient in rheumatism, gout, arthritis, neuralgia (topically or externally applied). American Indians poulticed root for eczema, warts, boils or abscesses. Action based on irritating affected part.It is directly applied to warts.A tincture may be both externally applied or taken internally to treat shingles and sciatica.

Gond kundar
Botanical name: Boswellia serrata, Indian Olibanum

Extracts of Indian Olibanum have been clinically studied for osteoarthritis and joint function, particularly for osteoarthritis of the knee. A Boswellia extract marketed under the name Wokvel has undergone human efficacy, comparative, pharmacokinetic studies. Indian Olibanum is used in the manufacture of the supposed anti-wrinkle agent “Boswelox”, which has been criticised as being ineffective.

Gugal Muqil
Botanical name: Commiphora wightii, gum Guggul

Guggul produces a resinous sap known as gum guggul. The extract of this gum, called gugulipid, guggulipid or guglipid, has been used in UNANI & Ayurvedic medicine, a traditional UNANI medicine, for nearly 3,000 years in India.Some of the uses in the traditional medicinehave been for reducing obesity, as well as in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and sciatica.The active ingredient in the extract is the steroid guggulsterone, which acts as an antagonist of the farnesoid X receptor, once believed to result in decreased cholesterol synthesis in the liver.

Gul e Baboona
Botanical name: Matricaria chemomilla, Chamomile

Major chemical compounds present within chamomile include apigenin and alpha-bisabolol. Other compounds in chamomile include: sesquiterpenes, terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins such as herniarin and umbelliferone, phenylpropanoids such as chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, flavones such as apigenin and luteolin, flavanols such as quercetin and rutin, and polyacetylenes.Apigenin has demonstrated chemopreventive effects against cancer cells in the laboratory, while alpha-bisabolol has been shown to have antiseptic properties, anti-inflammatory properties, and reduces pepsin secretion without altering secretion of stomach acid.Chemical compounds present within chamomile bind to GABAreceptors, modulate monoamine neurotransmission, and have neuroendocrine effects. Umbelliferone is fungistatic. Coumarin compounds in chamomile such as herniarin and umbelliferone may have blood-thinning properties, and apigenin and other compounds may interact with medications causing drug-drug interactions.Chamomile has been used for inflammation associated with hemorrhoids when topically applied. There is Level B evidence that chamomile possesses anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) properties and could be used to treat stress and insomnia. The results suggest chamomile may have modest anxiolytic activity in patients with mild to moderate GAD, although the results have not since been replicated. Chemical components of chamomile extract have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antigenotoxic, and anticancer properties.

Gul e Dhawa
Botanical name: floribunda rose, Floribundas

It is use full in:

Diarrhea
Dymenorrhoea
Haemorrhoids
Leucorrhoea
In anal prolapse the decoction is used to sit in it.Due to its cold nature with oil it is massage on the burns to give cooling effects.

Gul e Ghafis
Botanical name: Delphinium zalil

It is good tonic for the stomach
It is used for the hepatitis treatment
Good for liver obstructions.
It is used to treat ascites.
It is blood purifier.
It creats the perspiration.
In cases of elephantitis orally, and its paste is also applied on the effected area.
It is also used to treat the diseases of spleen.

Gul e Surkh
Botanical name: Rosa damascena, Rose

Rose petals are used in making rose oil that is steam distilled by crushing. The byproduct of steam distillation is rose water, which is an excellent relaxing agent, soothes the nerves and adds flavor to a variety of dishes across the world. Rose essence is rich in flavanoids, tannins, antioxidants, and vitamins A, B3, C, D and E, making it beneficial in skin care. Some of the uses of rose oil, water, and essence are as follows.Rose water is an effective astringent that reduces swelling of capillaries beneath the skin.Rose petal tea is efficient in cleansing the gall bladder and liver, and it helps improve bile secretion. Rose petals are dried and crushed to make tea.Rose tea also helps in alleviating mild sore throats and bronchial infections. The tea cools the body and reduces fever-related rashes.Rose petals are an important ingredient in eye washes as well, as it is antiseptic in nature.Rose water benefits include nourishing the scalp and improving hair growth. It is medicinally used as an antibacterial, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory product. It is also used to treat dry scaly skin, dermatitis, and eczema.Rose essential oil is used along with carrier oils such as almond or grape fruit to treat various illnesses like hemorrhage, liver problems, nausea, fatigue, ulcers, asthma, dehydration, and bacterial infections of the stomach, colon, and urinary tract.Rose leaves are used in preparing rose water from the Persian variety. Rose water prepared from rose leaves brings relief from constipation, clears blood, and soothes the mind. In addition, it is used on the treatment of measles and chicken pox.There are no known side effects related to the use of rose water or rose oil; nevertheless, it is best to consult when using any product as a means of treatment.

Gul Mundi

Botanical name: Sphaeranthus indicus, globe thistle

According to Ayurveda, this herb is hot, laxative, digestible, tonic, fattening, alterative, anthelmintic and alexipharmic. It is used in

insanity
tuberculosis
indigestion
bronchitis
spleen diseases
elephantiasis
anaemia
pain in uterus and vagina
piles
asthma
leucoderma
dysentery
vomiting
hemicrania

Gul Neelo Far
Botanical name: Nelumbo nucifera, Indian lotus

Lotus is helpful in controlling the burning sensation, due to its cold potency.
The plant helps in improving the skin texture and complexion.
It improves mental condition and regularizes the peristaltic movements.
It treats urine related problems and maintains the body’s normal temperature.
The leaf paste is applied to the body in case of fever and inflammatory skin conditions.
The young leaves of lotus are taken with sugar to treat rectal prolapse.
The leaves are also used in treating sunstroke, diarrhea, dysentery, dizziness and vomiting of blood.
The stamens are mixed with jaggery and ghee to treat hemorrhoids.
The leaves and flowers are useful in many bleeding disorders.
Lotus flowers are prescribed to promote conception.
The flower stalk, mixed with other herbs, is used to treat bleeding from the uterus.
The petals alleviate thirst and inflammations while the seeds are powdered and mixed with honey to treat cough.
Lotus, when taken with ghee, milk and gold, is considered a general tonic to promote strength, virility and intellect.
Its flowers, seeds, young leaves and roots (rhizomes) are widely used in cuisines across the globe.
Lotus petals are used for garnishing and the leaves are used for wrapping food.
The distinctive lotus seed heads that resemble the spouts of watering cans are sold throughout the world for decorative purposes and dried flower arranging.
Lotus rootlets are used in pickles, along with rice vinegar, sugar, chili and/ or garlic.
The stamens are dried and made into a fragrant herbal tea.

Haldi
Botanical name:Curcuma longa,Turmeric

Turmeric is a plant. You probably know turmeric as the main spice in curry. It has a warm, bitter taste and is frequently used to flavor or color curry powders, mustards, butters, and cheeses. But the root of turmeric is also used widely to make medicine.Turmeric is used for arthritis, heartburn (dyspepsia), stomach pain, diarrhea, intestinal gas, stomachbloating, loss of appetite, jaundice, liver problems and gallbladder disorders.It is also used for headaches, bronchitis, colds, lung infections, fibromyalgia, leprosy, fever, menstrual problems. Other uses include depression, Alzheimer’s disease, water retention, worms, and kidney problems.Some people apply turmeric to the skin for pain, ringworm, bruising, leech bites, eye infections, inflammatory skin conditions, soreness inside of the mouth, and infected wounds.In food and manufacturing, the essential oil of turmeric is used in perfumes, and its resin is used as a flavor and color component in foods.

Haleela Zard- siah
Botanical name: Terminalia chebula, Yellow Myrobalan Or Chebulic Myrobalan

This tree yields smallish, ribbed and nut-like fruits which are picked when still green and then pickled, boiled with a little added sugar in their own syrup or used in preserves; this preserve is called ‘Hareer Ka Murabba (???? ?? ????) in Urdu language. The seed of the fruit, which has an elliptical shape, is an abrasive seed enveloped by a fleshy and firm pulp.The dry nut’s peel is used to cure cold-related nagging coughs. Its fruit has digestive,anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, cardiotonic, aphrodisiac and restorative properties and is additionally beneficial in flatulence, constipation, piles, cough and cold, laxative (unrip), astringent (ripe), Anthelmintic, nervine, Expectorant, tonic, carminative, and appetite stimulant. It is used in people who have leprosy(including skin disorders), anemia, narcosis, piles, chronic, intermittent fever, heart disease, diarrhea, anorexia, cough and excessive secretion of mucus, when the whole dried fruit is boiled the resulting decoction is grahi, useful in the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery.

Haleeon
Botanical name: Asparagus officinalis, Asparagus

Asparagus officinalis is a spring vegetable, a flowering perennial plant species in the genus Asparagus. It was once classified in the lily family, like its Allium cousins, onions and garlic, and is widely cultivated as a vegetable crop.It is a good source of vitamin B6, calcium, magnesium and zinc,and a very good source of dietary fibre, protein, beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamin, riboflavin, rutin, niacin, folic acid, iron, phosphorus, potassium, copper, manganese and selenium,as well as chromium,a trace mineral that enhances the ability of insulin to transport glucose from the bloodstream into cells. The amino acid asparagine gets its name from asparagus, as the asparagus plant is relatively rich in this compound.The shoots are prepared and served in a number of ways around the world, typically as an appetize or vegetable side dish.It is also used as an ingredient in some stews and soups.In recent years asparagus eaten raw, as a component of a salad,Stem thickness indicates the age of the plant, with the thicker stems coming from older plants.Older, thicker stalks can be woody, although peeling the skin at the base removes the tough layer. Peeled asparagus will however poach much faster.The bottom portion of asparagus often contains sand and dirt, so thorough cleaning is generally advised before cooking.

Hareer-Haleela
Botanical name: Terminalia chebula , Yellow Myrobalan

This tree yields smallish, ribbed and nut-like fruits which are picked when still green and then pickled, boiled with a little added sugar in their own syrup or used in preserves; this preserve is called ‘Hareer Ka Murabba (???? ?? ????) in Urdu language. The seed of the fruit, which has an elliptical shape, is an abrasive seed enveloped by a fleshy and firm pulp. The dry nut’s peel is used to cure cold-related nagging coughs.Its fruit has

digestive
anti-inflammatory
anthelmintic
cardiotonic
aphrodisiac
restorative properties
and is additionally beneficial in flatulenceconstipation
piles
cough
cold
laxative (unrip)
astringent (ripe)
Anthelmintic
nervine
Expectorant
tonic
carminative
and appetite stimulant. It is used in people who have leprosy(including skin disorders), anemia, narcosis, piles, chronic, intermittent fever, heart disease, diarrhea, anorexia, cough and excessive secretion of mucus,when the whole dried fruit is boiled the resulting decoction is grahi, useful in the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery.

Harmal
Botanical name: Peganum harmala , harmal shrub

The plant is a highly branched perennial shrub that grows from 30 to 60?cm tall. It has narrow leaves arranged alternately on fleshy, bright green stiff stems. The capsule contains small black-brown triangular seeds. In several countries the plant has been traditionally used as an hallucinogen in ceremonies, and has found its way into modern day recreational use. Although in vitro and animal experiments suggest a role as an :

antimicrobial
vasorelaxant
Antidepressant
analgesic
or cytotoxic agen harmala seeds to have modest activity against several bacteria including

Staphylococcus aureus
Salmonella spp
Proteus vulgaris
and Bacillus subtilis
as well as against HIV, fungal strains including
Candida albicans
and protozoans
and insect larvae

Heena Mehandi
Botanical name: Lawsonia inermis,henna tree

Henna is a tall shrub or small tree,. It is glabrous and multi-branched, with spine-tipped branchlets. The leaves grow opposite each other on the stem.The paste can be applied with many traditional and innovative tools, including resist, a cone syringe, Jac bottle or fingers. A light stain may be achieved within minutes, the longer the paste is left on the skin, the stronger the stain will be, and should be left for several hours. To prevent it from drying or falling off the skin, the paste is often sealed down by dabbing a sugar/lemon mix over the dried paste, or simply adding some form of sugar to the paste.Henna stains are orange soon after application, but darken over the following three days to a reddish brown. Soles and palms have the thickest layer of skin and so take up the most lawsone, and take it to the greatest depth,so that hands and feet will have the darkest and most long-lasting stains.Steaming or warming the henna pattern will darken the stain,either during the time the paste is still on the skin, or after the paste has been removed. Chlorinated water and soaps may spoil the darkening process:

alkaline products may hasten the darkening process

After the stain reaches its peak color it will appear to fade, as the stained dead cells exfoliate
Cosmetic henna for colouring hair. Commercially packaged henna, intended for use as a cosmetic hair dye, is available.

Heeng- Angoza – Hilteet
Botanical name: Ferula assa-foetida, Asafoetida

Asafoetida is the dried latex (gum oleoresin) exuded from the rhizome or tap root of several species of Ferula, a perennial herb Antiflatulent. Asafoetida reduces the growth of indigenous microflora in the gut, reducing flatulence.A digestion aid. it is used to aid digestion and is smeared on the abdomen in an alcohol or water tincture known as mahahing.Assafoetida in this tincture form was evidently used in western medicine as a topical treatment for abdominal injuries during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Fighting influenza:

Remedy for asthma and bronchitis.It is also saidto be helpful in cases of asthma and bronchitis.A folk tradition remedy for children’s colds it is mixed into a pungent-smelling paste and hung in a bag around the afflicted child’s neck.

An antimicrobial:

Asafoetida has a broad range of uses in traditional medicine as an antimicrobial, with well documented uses for treating chronic bronchitis and whooping cough, as well as reducing flatulence.A contraceptive/abortifacient: Asafoetida has also been reported to have contraceptive/abortifacient activity

Antiepileptic:

Asafoetida oleo-gum-resin has been reported to be antiepileptic in classical Unani, as well as ethnobotanical literature.Antidote for opium.Asafoetida has only been speculated to be an antidote for opium.

Heera Kasees
Botanical name: Ferrous sulphate

This medicine is used to treat and prevent iron deficiency anaemia. It belongs to a group of medicines called iron supplements. This medicine contains the iron salt, ferrous sulphate which helps restore iron levels in the body when levels are low. One of the most important functions of iron in the body is in the formation of red blood cells. Iron is a component of haemoglobin which is the oxygen-carrying pigment of red blood cells.This medicine is available as tablets that are taken by mouth.Iron preparations are absorbed better on an empty stomach. However, you make take them after food to prevent gastro-intestinal effects.

Hijr ul Yahood- Sang e Yahood
Botanical name: Jews Stone

Triturated Hajar-al-Yahud is widely used. Jews’ Stone is Used extensively as a prophylactic and treatment for various common and painful urinary disorders, particularly bladder stones kidney stones and dysurea.It was often taken in wine or water, It is a fossilized stone primarily containing silicate of lime. It used as a diuretic and lithontriptic. It is given in retention of urine and diseases of the urinary organs.Useful in renal and bladder calculi.

Honey
Botanical name: Apis mellifera, Honey

Honey has a long medicinal history. The ancient Egyptians not only made offerings of honey to their gods, they also used it as an embalming fluid and a dressing for wounds. On that last point, at least, they were on to something.Today, many people swarm to honey for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Holistic practitioners consider it one of nature’s best all-around remedies.

Hub e Bilsaan
Botanical name: Balsomodendron opobalsom, Commiphora opobalsamum

Englis : Balessan

The hepatoprotective activity of an ethanolic extract of Commiphora opobalsamum (“Balessan”) was investigated in rats by inducing hepatotoxicity with carbon tetrachloride:liquid paraffin (1:1). This extract has been shown to possess significant protective effect by lowering serum transaminase levels (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase), alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. Pretreatment with an extract of Balessan prevented the prolongation of the barbiturate sleeping time associated with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice. On the other hand, CCl4-induced low-level nonprotein sulfhydryl concentration in the liver was replenished by the Balessan extract. These data suggest that the plant C. opobalsamum may act as an antioxidant agent and may have a hepatoprotective effect.

Hub ul Aas
Botanical name: Myrtus communis, myrtle

The plant is an evergreen shrub or small tree, is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant for use as a shrub in gardens and parks. It is often used as a hedge plant. The berries, whole or ground, have been used as a pepper substitute is, the Common Myrtle, is used in the islands of Sardinia and Corsica to produce an aromatic liqueur called Mirto by macerating.In several countries, particularly in Europe and China, there has been a tradition for prescribing this substance for sinus infections. A systematic review of herbal medicines used for the treatment of rhinosinusitis concluded that the evidence that any herbal medicines are beneficial in the treatment of rhinosinusitis is limited, and that for Myrtus there is insufficient data to verify the significance of clinical results.

Hub ul Khizra
Botanical name: Coffea Arabica /Coffea Cruda, Coffea Cruda

Insomnia: Coffea offers great help to those who suffer from insomnia due to excessive mental activity which causes their mind to race and prohibit sleep.Though sleep may seem impossible for a period of time or it may not be sound, this homeopathic remedy can really help the person to calm down and get a good night of sleep.
Toothaches:
Coffea works best for the type of pain that shoots down from the teeth and can travel as far down as the tips of the fingers.
Headaches:
There is often pain on one side of the head which may feel as sharp as a nail being driven into it. The pain may often set in upon waking and can stay with the individual throughout the course of the day.Coffea works well for these headaches, particularly if they are set off by common triggers such as tension or stress.

Hub ul Qilqil
Botanical name: Cardiospermum halicacabum, balloon plant

For antidiarrhoeal as well as homoeopathic medicinal properties for Diarrhea and dysentery.Abnormal accumulation of liquid in the cellular tissue. Relieving inflammation.Promotes vomiting, and gives tone to the stomach.Local inflammation of skin and rheumatic joints.General swelling and tumor.Syphilis cores.Relieves headaches.

Hub ul Zilm
Botanical name: Cyprus egyptica, Tiger Nuts

It prevent constipation.
It has necessary essential minerals; calcium, magnesium and iron necessary for bones, tissues repairs, muscles and the blood stream.
It contains enough protein and carbohydrates
Chufa contains a good quantity of vitamin B1 which assists in balancing the central nervous system and helps to encourage the body to adapt to stress.
It supplies the body with enough quantity of Vitamin E, very essential for fertility in both men and women.
It is excellent for colitis and assists proper digestion. In China, chufa juice is used as a liver tonic, heart stimulant, drank to heal serious stomach pain, to promote normal menstruation, to heal mouth and gum ulcers, use in Ayurvedic medicines and is a powerful aphrodisiac (intimate stimulant).
The black specie of the tiger nut is an excellent medicine for bosom lumps and cancer (any type of internal canceration and inflammations). It can be used as eye compress and to bandage wounds.
Tiger nuts give a heating and drying action to the digestive system in general and this gives it the potency to alleviate flatulence.
Chufa promotes the production of urine, this is why it is a preventive measure for cyst, prostrate, hernia, rectum deformation and prolapsed (BehindBased feature-small painful flesh and the tip of the anus) and to prevent endometriosis or fibrosis as well as blockage of the tip of the fallopian tube.

Indar jo Sheerin
Botanical name: Wrightia Tinctoria,Wrightia Tinctoria

Plant pacify vitiated tridoshas, fever, stomach ache, skin diseases especially psoriasis and non-specific dermatitis. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-dandruff properties and hence is used in hair oil preparations.Clinical trials of 90 days duration using ointment prepared from wrightia tinctoria oil have shown encouraging results.There is a marked reduction in the severity of the disease (90%) and definite clinical improvement, i.e. Disappearance of lesions, reduction in surface area of skin involved and reduction scaling.The clinical response is also supported by histopathological evidence.No side effects or any untoward reaction of the drug are seen during treatment.

Ispghol
Botanical name: Plantago ovata, Desert Indian wheat

Psyllium has long been used as a chief ingredient in “bulk laxatives.” Generally, an increase in stool weight, an increase in bowel movements per day, and a decrease in total gut transit time has been observed in most studies.Psyllium has been studied for the treatment of diarrhea.Early research shows that dietary psyllium and chitosan supplementation may help to increase the excretion of fat in the stool.Early research suggests that diets high in fiber (such as psyllium) will increase gas production, yet promote gas retention. The effect of psyllium on gas needs to be explored further. Psyllium may reduce the symptoms of hemorrhoids, which can result from constipation. Further research is needed to determine whether psyllium can help relieve or prevent the symptoms of hemorrhoids.There is limited and unclear evidence regarding the use of psyllium in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Psyllium preparations have been studied for more than 20 years in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms.

Jadwar
Botanical name: Delphinium Denudatum, Delphinium

Jadwar, root of Delphinium denudatum is an important central Nervous system active drug of Unani System of Medicine. The generic name of Jadwar is derived from a Greek word, which means Dolphin, as the nectary resembles the figure of Dolphin. The word Jadwar is Arabic form of Persian Zadwar, which means the great purifier or Antidote. In India Jadwar was named as Nirbisi due to its antidotal properties. In various classical texts, it has been mentioned to be sedative, analgesic, brain and nervine tonic and is recommended for various brain and nervine disorders like epilepsy, tremors, hysteria, atony, numbness, paralysis, morphine dependence. Jadwar is adultered with the root of Beesh (Aconite), a poisonous herb root that may cause death. Ethanolic extract showed antibacterial activity against Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi and Klebsilla pneumoniae.

Jaifal Jawatri Bisbasa
Botanical name: Myristica fragrans, Nutmeg and mace(nutmeg cover)

Nutmeg oil is potent brain booster, increasing circulation and allowing you to concentrate better. It also works by stimulating the brain and therefore removes mental exhaustion and stress.Nutmeg oil also stimulates the cardiovascular system and therefore is a good tonic for the heart. Nutmeg is an effective liver and kidney detoxifier. The cover of the nutmeg is called “Jawatri” in hindi and in urdu. Nutmeg powder heated on the pan with sesame oil until brown is an effective external application to relieve any rheumatic pain, neuralgia and sciatica. The oil should be cooled and strained before application. Nutmeg oil is also effective in treating menstrual cramps, muscular and joint pain as it is an excellent sedative. Nutmeg can help clear up congestion due to colds, this is the reason why it is used in many cough syrups. Nutmeg powder (about 5 to 15 grams), mixed with apple juice or banana, is used as a specific remedy for diarrhea caused by indigestion. A regular massage of the abdomen with nutmeg oil, three weeks before delivery is believed to be very helpful for child birth. Nutmeg paste mixed with honey is given to infants who cry at night for no apparent reason, to induce sleep. Nutmeg oil helps in removing bad breath. It is also antiseptic in nature and is effective for toothaches and aching gums. Known as a popular spice around the world, nutmeg is also popular for its many health benefits. In fact, since ancient times, nutmeg has been used as a remedy for various ailments or to improve health in general. Here are some of the health benefits that nutmeg provides.

Jamal Ghota
Botanical name: Croton tiglium, Purging Croton

Purging Croton is a component in almost all the medicines in Toxicology. Its seeds are used for the preparation of some of the powerful medicines in Toxicology

For rheumatic pains of the legs and waist: use 3 to 6 gms of dried material in the form of decoction.

Pounded fresh leaves may be applied as poultice for snakebites or may be used as insecticide.
Poultice of leaves applied or rubbed on area of snake and insect bites.
For sprains and bone pains: Oiled leaves or bark material are heated and applied to painful areas.
Croton seed oil has been used as purgative.
Seed oil used for treatment of schistosomiasis and other intestinal parasites.
Roots, bark, seeds, and leaves considered a drastic purgative.
Bruised root applied to carbuncles and cancerous sores.
Testa used for fluxes.
In Annam, bark used as a tonic.
In Java and Kelantan, roots are finely shredded, mixed with water, and drunk by women as abortifacient.
Diluted tincture of croton seeds used as a stimulant and applied in certain cutaneous affections, like eczema, ichthyosis and erythema.
Seeds, while half-roasting over a lamp or candle flame, is inhaled through the nostril to relieve asthma.
Croton oil is rubbed on the skin as rubefacient and counterirritant.
Internally, croton oil us used as a powerful hydragogue, cathartic, and purgative. In excessive doses, it can cause severe purging, collapse and death.
Liniment used as stimulant and applied to chronic rheumatism, neuralgia, glandular and other indolent swellings, chronic bronchitis and other pulmonary affections.
Croton oil is used in dropsy, obstinate constipation, intestinal obstructions, and lead poisoning; as a preliminary laxative in leprosy; and as a revulsive in apoplexy. A few drops at the base of the tongue produces catharsis.
As a blister, applied to the scalp in acute cerebral diseases, to the cord in spinal meningitis, to the chest in chronic bronchitis, and to the throat in laryngitis. Used in lock-jaw and mania.
In Ayurveda, used as a cathartic.

Jamun
Botanical name: Syzygium cumini, Jambul

The leaves which are an aroma similar to turpentine, are pinkish when young, changing to a leathery, glossy dark green with a yellow midrib as they mature. The leaves are used as food for livestock, as they have good nutritional value.Syzygium cumini trees start flowering from March to April. The flowers of are fragrant and small, about 5 mm in diameter. The fruits develop by May or June and resemble large berries. The fruit is oblong, ovoid, starts green and turns pink to shining crimson black as it matures. A variant of the tree produces white coloured fruit. The fruit has a combination of sweet, mildly sour and astringent flavour and tends to colour the tongue purple.The seed is also used in various alternative healing systems like Ayurveda , Unani and Chinese medicine for digestive ailments.The pulp of the fruit, extracts from the bark and seeds is of great benefit when it comes to lowering of blood glucose level. Taking dried extract of the seeds orally, greatly reduces the blood sugar and glucosuria.The leaves and bark are used for controlling blood pressure and gingivitis. Wine and vinegar are also made from the fruit. It has a high source in vitamin A and vitamin C.Syzygium cumini has been spread overseas from India by Indian emigrants and at present is common in former tropical British colonies.

Jawa Khaar
Botanical name: Potassium carbonate, Potassium carbonate

This medication is a mineral supplement used to treat or prevent low amounts ofpotassium in the blood. A normal level of potassium in the blood is important. Potassium helps your cells, kidneys, heart, muscles, and nerves work properly. Most people get enough potassium by eating a well-balanced diet. Some conditions that can lower your body’s potassium level include severe prolonged diarrhea and vomiting, hormone problems such as hyperaldosteronism, or treatment with “water pills”/diuretics.

Johar e Khusia
Botanical name: Salt of bull testes

It has been used in unani medicine for the ancient times.It is used to enhance the men sexual power and impotency.In india and Pakistan these are used a bar b q dish in hotels at a large scale.It imporves the function if men testes and make them eligible to produce healthy sperms.The salt is used in unani medicine and not the crude of food form, to avoid the impurities.

Joz Masil Dhatora
Botanical name: Datura stramonium, Devil’s snare

Datura has long been used as an extremely effective treatment for asthma symptoms. The active anti-asthmatic agent is atropine, which causes paralysis of the pulmonary branches of the lungs, eliminating the spasms that cause the asthma attacks. The leaves are generally smoked either in a cigarette or a pipe. This practice of smoking datura to relieve asthma has its origins in traditional Ayurvedic medicine in India. The Zuni used to use datura as an analgesic, to render patients unconscious while broken bones were set. The Chinese also used it in this manner, as a form of anaesthesia during surgery.Atropine and scopolamine are muscarinic antagonists which can be used to treat Parkinson’s disease and motion sickness, and to inhibit parasympathetic stimulation of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, GI tract, heart and eye.Datura can be used to assist in the process of breaking drug addictions, by reducing the symptoms of delirium tremens and morphine withdrawals.Other medicinal uses for datura include providing relief from sore throat or toothache and getting rid of parasites.Datura should be avoided by patients with heart problems, glaucoma, enlarged prostate, urinary difficulties, fluid buildup in the lungs, or bowel obstructions.

Jund Bey Datar
Botanical name: Castoreum, Castoreum

Although modern medical use of castoreum is rare, it was still in the materia medica in the 18th century, used to treat many different ailments, including headache, fever, and hysteria.The Romans believed the fumes produced by burning castoreum could induce an abortion. Paracelsus thought it could be used in the treatment of epilepsy.Castoreum was also used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic. Castoreum was described in the 1911 British Pharmaceutical Codex for use in dysmenorrhea and hysterical conditions (i.e. pertaining to the womb), for raising blood pressure and increasing cardiac output. The activity of castoreum has been credited to the accumulation of salicin from willow trees in the beaver’s diet, which is transformed to salicylic acid and has an action very similar to aspirin.It is one of the 65 ingredients of mithridate, a semi-mythical remedy used as an antidote for poisoning. It is also an ingredient of theriac, a medical concoction originally formulated by the Greeks in the 1st century AD as an alexipharmic, or antidote, considered a universal panacea.

Kabab Chini
Botanical name: Piper cubeba, CUBEBS

Cubebs is an herb. The dried, fully-grown but unripe fruit is used to make medicine.People use cubebs for increasing urination to relieve water retention (as a diuretic). They also use it to treat a certain parasitic infection in the intestines called amoebic dysentery. Other uses include treatment of intestinal gas, gonorrhea, and cancer. Some people take it for loosening mucus.In foods, cubebs oil is used as a flavoring ingredient.

Increasing urination.
Amoebic dysentery.
Intestinal gas (flatulence).
Gonorrhea.
Loosening mucus.

Kabab Khandaan
Botanical name: Zanthoxylum armatum, Timur

Timur is used in curing various common ailments such as toothache, common cold, cough, and fever, as it is believed to give warmth to the body. To cure toothache, a fresh or dry fruit is pressed over the affected tooth and is kept in position till it loses its pungency. Young shoots of timur are used as toothbrushes. Recently people have also started to use powder made from the dried fruit for cleaning teeth. Common stomach complaints are treated withtimur soup. The Bhotiya community also brew liquor from timur, but the resulting liquor is palatable only to those highly addicted. Most members of the community consider the tree to have religious significance and magical properties. Walking sticks are made out of its branches. In recent times however, the use of timur in alcohol, as a spice and as a leech repellent appears to have declined.

Kachnar

Botanical name: Bauhinia variegata, purple orchid tree

Orchid tree is used as a street tree, shade tree, specimen or focal tree in tropical and subtropical landscapes. It bears beautiful fragrant flowers abundantly in late winter and early spring and intermittently through summer. Orchid trees have brittle branches that can break in strong winds and they can be messy, dropping hundreds of dried pods in autumn. The hybrid, Hong Kong orchid tree doesn’t produce pods because it is sterile. Its flowers are used in food. Flowers are used when they are not opened fully to make make “salan” in Pakistan and india. And a very famous dish in sub continent.

Kafoor
Botanical name: Cinnamomum camphora, camphor

It is used in Aromatherapy , Arthritis , Ayurvedic , Bronchitis , Bruises/sprains, Cardiovascular , Colds ,Congestion , IBS , Lupus , Sleep/Insomnia
Pain relief, sore muscle rub, colds and congestion, Analgesic , Antirheumatic , Antispasmodic , Aromatic , Aromatic , Cardiac tonic Cordial , Circulation, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Expectorant , Febrifuge, Hypertensive, Laxative Meditation, Rubefacient , Sedative , Skin tonic , Stimulant , Vasoconstrictor, Vermifuge.Camphor oil has a duel action of hot and cold, which has a balancing effect on the yin and yang energies. When first applied camphor oil numbs and cools the peripheral nerve endings, then warms the painful area as it stimulates circulation to cold, stiff muscles and limbs. This analgesic effect of camphor makes it a favorite oil to be used in pain relieving massage blends for sore muscles, low back pain, and arthritic pain.Camphor also acts as an expectorant and a febrifuge, meaning that it cools fevers and helps clear lung congestion. Camphor is a very useful ingredient in inhalations for coughs, colds and difficulties in breathing. These actions, along with camphor’s anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial properties make it a very useful and popular remedy for colds, flu, and bronchitis.

.

Kaho
Botanical name: Lactuca sativa/L.Serriola, Prickly Lettuce

The whole plant is rich in a milky sap that flows freely from any wounds. This hardens and dries when in contact with the air. The sap contains “lactucarium”, which is used in medicine for its anodyne, antispasmodic, digestive, diuretic, hypnotic, narcotic and sedative properties. Lactucarium has the effects of a feeble opium, but without its tendency to cause digestive upsets, nor is it addictive. It is taken internally in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety, neuroses, hyperactivity in children, dry coughs, whooping cough, rheumatic pain etc. Concentrations of lactucarium are low in young plants and most concentrated when the plant comes into flower. It is collected commercially by cutting the heads of the plants and scraping the juice into china vessels several times a day until the plant is exhausted. This species does not contain as much lactucarium as L. virosa. An infusion of the fresh or dried flowering plant can also be used. It is used in the treatment of chronic catarrh, coughs, swollen liver, flatulence and ailments of the urinary tract.

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Kaknaj-Arus Dar Pardah-Panir-Papotan

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Kakra Singhi
Botanical name: Pistacia integerrima, kakring

Integgerima galls are used in traditional medicine to treat coughs, asthma, diarrhoea, dysentery, fever, vomiting, appetite loss, nose bleeding, snake bites and scorpion stings. The plant extracts are used in treating livestock diseases. Other products: Pistacigerrimones C and D from P. integerrima have significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.

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Kamar Kas/span>
Botanical name: Butea monosperma, Flame of the Forest

Digestion
aphrodisiac
promotes bowel movement
brings about quick wound healing
useful in abdominal disorders
Useful in quick fracture healing
Relieves malabsorption syndrome
useful in haemorrhoids
useful in intestinal worms.

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Kamila
Botanical name: Mallotus philippinensis, Kamala

The root of the tree is used in dyeing, and for cutaneous eruptions, also used by the Arabs internally for leprosy and in solution to remove freckles and pustules. In this country it has been successfully used for an eruption in children known as wildfire, the powder is rubbed over the affected part with moist lint. Its greatest use, however, is in the use of tapeworm, being safer and more certain than other cures; the worm is passed whole and generally dead. The dose of Karmala for a robust person is 3 drachms, but only half that quantity for anyone of enfeebled health; the fluid extract is milder and acts with more certainty.Kamala acts quickly and actively as a purgative, and often causes much griping and nausea, but seldom vomiting. It may be given in water mucilage or syrup; the worm is usually expelled at the third or fourth stool; if it fails to act, the dose is repeated after four hours, or a dose of castor oil is given. Kamala is largely used in India externally for cutaneous troubles, and is most effective for scabies. It has been successfully employed in herpetic ringworm (a disease very prevalent there), and as a taenifuge it has been used with good results, on the Continent, combined with Kousso and known as Kama-kosi.

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Kanocha
Botanical name: Phyllanthus

The plant sap and leaf decoction are credited with emetic and purgative activities. In Tanzania the whole plant is pounded and the solution applied to scabies. A root decoction is taken to cure constipation, diarrhoea, lack of appetite, intestinal pain, menstrual problems, gastrointestinal disorders, testicular swelling, chest complaints and snakebites. Gastrointestinal trouble in infants is treated by giving them a root decoction of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis and Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene. Plant sap is used as nose drops to treat toothache. Ground leaves are rubbed on the skin with lemon juice as treatment for rheumatism. In Niger the plant is used as an aphrodisiac. In Somalia Phyllanthus maderaspatensisis considered poisonous.In India Phyllanthus maderaspatensis is widely medicinally used to treat headache, bronchitis, earache and ophthalmia. Powder from dried plant material mixed with milk is drunk to treat jaundice.In Kenya smoke from the burning plants is used to kill caterpillars in maize. Cattle will browse Phyllanthus maderaspatensis but only when green.

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Kara Chaal
Botanical name: Anti dysen Trica, Tellicherry

Kutaja is primarily used for the treatment of dysentery but has several other therapeutic usages. It is particularly useful in bleeding disorders such as menorrhagia, haemorrhoids, diabetes and oedema and has been used for tumours, abscesses, aches and pains, bronchitis, colic, diarrhoea, splenitis and as a vermifuge, laxative and astringent.The seeds and bark are used in diarrhoea in ruminants. The bark and seeds have been used for wounds, maggots in wounds, pox and anthrax. It is also used to treat jaundice, colic, bloody dysentery, cold and cough, diseases of skeletal system such as lumbar, rib, compound fractures and dislocation of hips, stoppage of urination and prolapse of the uterus.

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Karafs
Botanical name: Apium graveolens , Celery

Celery is used in weight-loss diets, where it provides low-calorie dietary fibre bulk. Celery is often incorrectly purported to be a “negative-calorie food” based on the idea that the body will burn more calories during the digestion of the food than the body can extract from the food itself. However, the fact that the body uses very small amounts of energy in digestion compared to what can be extracted even from a low-calorie food like celery disproves this hypothesis.The use of celery seed in pills for relieving pain was described by Aulus Cornelius Celsus around AD 30.Bergapten in the seeds can increase photosensitivity, so the use of essential oil externally in bright sunshine should be avoided. The oil and large doses of seeds should be avoided during pregnancy, as they can act as a uterine stimulant. Seeds intended for cultivation are not suitable for eating as they are often treated with fungicides.

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Karanjwa
Botanical name: Caesalpinia bonducella, Fever Nut

The seeds are antiperiodic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, tonic, anthelmintic and febrifuge; useful in colic, malaria, fever, hydrocele and skin diseases. Decoction of the seed is used in kidney troubles and blood pressure. It is also useful against consumption and asthma. Seeds are also useful for swellings and restraining haemorrhage. The oil from the seeds is used in convulsions and paralysis. Pod is astringent to the bowels and anthelmintic; cures urinary discharges, leucorrhoea, piles and wounds. Decoction of the pod is used in bleeding piles. Leaves are deobstruent, anthelmintic and emmenagogue and used in liver troubles; the leaf-boil water is used as a gargle for sore throat. Young leaves are used in intermittent fever and for expelling intestinal worms.

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Karayla

Botanical name: Momordica charantia, bitter gourd

Bitter gourd is contraindicated in pregnant women because it can induce bleeding, contractions, and abortion.Bitter gound has been used in various Asian and African herbal medicine systems for a long time. In Turkey, it has been used as a folk remedy for a variety of ailments, particularly stomach complaints. In traditional medicine of India different parts of the plant are used to relieve diabetes, as stomachic, laxative, antibilious, emetic, anthelmintic agent, for the treatment of cough, respiratory diseases, skin diseases, wounds, ulcer, gout, and rheumatism.

Kareenh

This medicine is used from decades in herbal system of treatment. The bush is find in desert areas and lands. It has unique quality in treatment of bones and joints. In case of fractures it enhances the speed of recovery, it enhances the formation of calus in fractures. in cases of vertebral discs either it is damaged or displaced this medicine has accurate effects. If the joints are damaged due to lack of synovial fluid etc. it improves the amount of synovial fluid and joining surfaces of the joints, and hence gives good result. It has also quality to reduce the pain in joints and fractures if eaten in coal powder form.

Karna

Botanical name: Citron fruit & flowers, Citrus medica

Rom ancient through medieval times, the citron was used mainly for medical purposes: to combat seasickness, pulmonary troubles, intestinal ailments, and other disorders. The essential oil of the flavedo (the outermost, pigmented layer of rind) was also regarded as an antibiotic. Citron juice with wine was considered an effective antidote to poison, asTheophrastus reported. In Ayurvedic system of medicine, the fruit juice is still used for treating conditions like nausea, vomiting, excessive thirst etc.The fruit juice has a high content of Vitamin C and used medicinally as an anthelminthic, appetizer, tonic, in cough, rheumatism, vomiting, flatulence, haemorrhoids, skin diseases and weak eye sight. There is a rising market for the citron in the United States for the use of its soluble fiber found in its thick albedo.While the lemon or orange are peeled to consume their pulpy and juicy segments, the citron’s pulp is dry, containing a small quantity of insipid juice, if any. The main content of a citron fruit is the thick white rind, which adheres to the segments, and cannot be separated from them easily.Today the citron is used for the fragrance or zest of its flavedo, but the most important part is still the inner rind (known as pith or albedo), which is a fairly important article in international trade and is widely employed in the food industry as succade, as it is known when it is candied in sugar. In Iran, the citron’s thick white rind is used to make jam; in Pakistan the fruit is used to make jam as well as pickled; in South Indian cuisine, the citron is widely used in pickles and preserves.

Kashneez

Botanical name: Coriandrum sativum, Coriander

Coriander, like many spices, contains antioxidants, which can delay or prevent the spoilage of food seasoned with this spice. A study found both the leaves and seed to contain antioxidants, but the leaves were found to have a stronger effect.Chemicals derived from coriander leaves were found to have antibacterial activity against Salmonella choleraesuis, and this activity was found to be caused in part by these chemicals acting as nonionic surfactants.Coriander has been documented as a traditional treatment for type 2 diabetes. Coriander seeds were found in a study on rats to have a significant hypolipidaemic effect, resulting in lowering of levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, and increasing levels of high-density lipoprotein. This effect appeared to be caused by increasing synthesis of bile by the liver and increasing the breakdown of cholesterol into other compounds.Coriander leaf was found to prevent deposition of lead in mice, due to a presumptive chelation of lead by substances in the plant.The essential oil produced from Coriandrum sativum has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial effects.

Kasni

Botanical name: Cichorium intybus/ Cichorium endivia, Chicory

Chicory is a plant. Its roots and dried, above-ground parts are used to make medicine.Chicory is used for loss of appetite, upset stomach, constipation, liver and gallbladder disorders, cancer, and rapid heartbeat.It is also used as a “tonic,” to increase urine production, to protect the liver, and to balance the stimulant effect of coffee.Some people apply a paste of chicory leaves directly to the skin for swelling and inflammation.
In foods, chicory leaves are often eaten like celery, and the roots and leaf buds are boiled and eaten. Chicory is also used as a cooking spice and to flavor foods and beverages. Coffee mixes often include ground chicory to enhance the richness of the coffee. Works good for :

Constipation.
Liver disorders.
Gallbladder disorders.

Kasondi

Botanical name: Senna occidentalis, Mogdad coffee

Mogdad coffee seeds can be roasted and used as a substitute for coffee. They have also been used as an adulterant for coffee. There is apparently no caffeine in mogdad coffee.Despite the claims of being poisonous, the leaves of this plant, Dhiguthiyara in Dhivehi, have been used in the diet of the Maldives for centuries in dishes such as mas huni and also as a medicinal plant.Decoction for hypertension, diabetes, biliousness and fever; grippe, thrush; boiled and gargled for throat trouble; pounded and mixed with wood-ash and rubbed on areas of leishmaniasis and eczema. Used for coughs and colds and for “lining cold” (puerperal fever) in NW Guyana. Root: Tincture rubbed onto rheumatic areas; decoction for a purgative and emetic; infusion for cholagogue and skin diseases. Infusion for bilious fever, ordinary fever, stomachache, and to ease menstruation. Tea made from roots and dried flowers is used for colds and upset stomach. Used for diarrhea in NW Guyana. Leaf: Remedy for renal calculi. Leaves are made into a tea for treating afterbirth problems. Used for treating fevers, coughs and colds, headaches, hemorrhage and thrush in NW Guyana. Flower: In a preparation to reduce stomach acid in children. Seed: Dried, pulverised and roasted as a coffee substitute, and for use as a febrifuge. Infusion is drunk to calm one’s nerves. In NW Guyana, used for treating kidney problems, hemorrhage, worms, and cleaning womb and tubes in NW Guyana. Part unspecified: Used by the Surinam Saramaccan as an ingredient in a curative herbal bath.

Katali Kalan

Botanical name: Kangaroo Apple, Solanum aviculare /Solanum xanthocarpum

A source of steroids, much used in the pharmaceutical industry. The unripe berries are the richest source.Fruit – raw or cooked. It must be thoroughly ripe because the unripe fruit is poisonous. It can be used as a sweet fruit or as a vegetable. Best harvested once it has fallen from the plant, the fruit will then have lost its unpleasant acidity. It tastes much worse than it looks, the fruit is sickly sweet and often bitter. The quality varies from plant to plant and even from year to year from the same plant. The fruit is up to 2cm long and contains a large number of flat seeds.

Katha

Botanical name: Acacia Catechu, Black Cutch

Bark of cutch tree is strong antioxidant, astringent, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal in nature. It is useful in passive diarrhea, high blood pressure, dysentery, colitis, gastric problems, bronchial asthma, cough, leucorrhoea and leprosy. It is used as a mouthwash for mouth, gum, sore throat, gingivitis, dental and oral infections. Heartwood is used to yield concentrated aqueous extract i.e. cutch. Cutch (extract) is astringent, cooling, and digestive. It is useful in cough, diarrhea, ulcers, boils and eruptions of the skin. Decoction of bark is given internally in case of leprosy. Helps to cure pile when taken with lemon regularly.The heart wood and bark of the tree are used in traditional medicine. A wood extract called catechu is used in traditional medicine for sore throats and diarrhea. The concentrated aqueous extract, known as khayer gum or cutch, is astringent. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine. In ayurveda, it is used for rasayana ( rejuvenation treatments). It is also used for its actions like anti-dyslipidemic, anthelminthic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diuretic,anti-pruritic, coolant, taste promoting, enhancing digestion and curing skin disorders.

Keekar-Babool-Mugheelan
Botanical name: Vachellia nilotica, Sant tree

The bark of V. nilotica subsp. indica has a tannin content of greater than 20%. The pods without seeds have a tannin content of about 18-27%.In part of its range small stock consume the pods and leaves, but elsewhere it is also very popular with cattle. Pods are used as a supplement to poultry rations in India. Dried pods are particularly sought out by animals on range lands. In India branches are commonly lopped for fodder. Pods are best fed dry as a supplement, not as a green fodder.

nilotica makes a good protective hedge because of its thorns.
The tree’s wood is “very durable if water-seasoned” and its uses include tool handles and lumber for boats.The wood has a density of about 1170 kg/m³.Acacia is the gum that is exuded from the acacia tree. It’s a dietary fiber that can dissolve in water. As a medicine, acacia is taken by mouth to reduce cholesterol levels and to help increase weight loss. In manufacturing, acacia is used as a pharmaceutical ingredient in medications for throat or stomach inflammation and as a film-forming agent in peel-off skin masks.

Keherba Shamii

Botanical name: Amber skimum

It is used in menorrhagia
Bloody diarrohea
Haemorrhides
It strengthens the digestive system specially stomach.
It is used to control epistaxis.
To treat the palpitation.
To maintain the hypotention.
It controls the bleeding which is internal or either external.
It has astringent action on open wounds.
Resinite macerals are ubiquitous, though minor, components in most American coals below medium-volatile bituminous rank. They are usually absent in coals of higher rank. Although resinite macerals usually make up less than 3% of most U.S. coals, they are particularly abundant in coal of the Wasatch Plateau in Utah where they can account for as much as 15% of the macerals present. Resinite macerals have two common modes of occurrence. In most Appalachian and midwestern U. S. coal seams resinites occur as primary (present at the time of deposition) ovoid bodies with a long axis ranging from 25 to 200 micrometers. While primary ovoid bodies of resinite are also found in western U.S. coals of Cretaceous/Tertiary age, much resinite in these coals occurs as secondary cleat and void fillings. This secondary resinite shows an intrusive relationship to the host coal and often shows flow texture and carries xenoliths of coal in resinite veinlets. Fluorescence microscopy reveals that only the primary resinite ovoids commonly show “oxidation” or “reaction rims” that suggest a surface alteration. Fluorescence spectral analysis can usually distinguish resinite from other macerals and in most cases it can also distinguish between different resinites.

Khaaksi
Botanical name: Sisymbrium irio, London rocket

London rocket is used in the Middle East to treat .
coughs and chest congestion
to relieve rheumatism,
to detoxify the liver and spleen,
to reduce swelling
clean wounds.
The Bedouin use the leaf of London Rocket as a tobacco substitute.

Khar Khask

Botanical name: Tribulus terrestris, caltrop

It is believed to contribute to overall physical, as well as sexual, strength by building all the tissues
It is known to be useful in BHP
believed to be useful in kidney
bladder urinary tract
uro-genital related conditions
where it is said to act as a diuretic
It believed to be helpful in treating some cardiovascular conditions including angina, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, anemia and poor circulation. Digestive disorders that may benefit from the use of puncture vine include constipation and flatulence. It is used in Chinese medicine as a liver tonic, and for food poisoning and overeating. It has many uses in the Ayurvedic tradition, including pacifying vata, as a diuretic and to treat disorders of the genitourinary system. In other medical traditions, this herb is also used as a diuretic to treat hypertension and for angina pectoris. It is believed by some to help prevent both oxalate and struvite kidney stones. It is believed to have antiseptic and diuretic properties that can reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections. It is also used as a treatment internally and externally for immune disorders, such as allergic skin conditions, eczema and psoriasis.

Kharateen

Botanical name: Ascaris lumbricoids, Earth worms

This is useful medicine for sexual disorders.
This is tonic for sexual organs as internal and external in usage.
Useful in surgeries from the ancient times of unani medicine.
Mostly it is used in ointments and poultice for male sexual organs.
The ointments are made in different form with other medicines and mucles of other animals.
The ointments is used for three days commonly.
In disease of inflammations it has good results.

Kharpaza Kharbooza

Botanical name: Cucumis Melo, sweet melon

Melons are a nutritious food.
The seeds of cantaloupe were used in China to moderate fevers and the digestive system.
Seeds were ground into a powder and used to treat tuberculosis.
They have high levels of potassium.
Due to their high water content, all melons are considered diuretics.
Eating melons lowers amount of black bile in body.
Melons have lycopene, an antioxidant found in a select group of fruits and vegetables

Khash Khaash

Botanical name: Papaver somniferum, Poppy seed

Poppy seeds have primarily culinary uses, as intact seeds and as a paste of ground seeds. The seeds are used as a spice, a condiment, a decorative garnish, a thickener, and a main ingredient. They are used in many baked goods, main course dishes, and desserts.They are also the source of poppyseed oil, and the solids that remain after the oil is expressed are a valuable animal feed. Poppy seeds are often a component of bird seed mixtures for both wild and domestic birds as they are very nutritious and can also be given separately in higher amounts to treat gastrointestinal distress, diarrhoea, and similar afflictions as well as pain and discomfort in many types of birds. In Ayurveda, poppy seeds are used for diarrhea, abdominal pain, cough, and insomnia. Powdered dosages range from 1/4 to 1 g.

Poppy seeds are a potential source of anti-cancer drugs
Poppy seeds are highly nutritious,and less allergenic than many other seeds and nuts.
In Indian traditional medicine (Ayurveda), soaked poppy seeds are ground into a fine paste with milk and applied on the skin as a moisturizer.
Poppy seeds are pressed to form poppyseed oil, a valuable commercial oil that has multiple culinary, industrial, and medicinal uses.
Whole poppy seeds also have a medical use: in a simple, accurate, and inexpensive test for vesicointestinal fistula.

Khatmi

.Botanical name: Althaea officinalis, marsh mallow

Marshmallow is traditionally used as a treatment for the irritation of mucous membranes, including use as a gargle for mouth and throat ulcers, and gastric ulcers. A study on rats concluded that an extract from the flowers has potential benefits for hyperlipidemia, gastric ulcers and platelet aggregation.The root has been used since the Middle Ages in the treatment of sore throat.The root extract (halawa extract) is sometimes used as flavouring in the making of a Middle Eastern snack called halva. The flowers and young leaves can be eaten, and are often added to salads or are boiled and fried.The leaves, flowers and the root of A. officinalis (marshmallow) all have medicinal properties. These are reflected in the name of the genus, which comes from the Greek (althein), meaning “to heal”. In traditional Chinese medicine, Althaea officinalis is known as pinyin. It is claimed to increase the flow of breast milk and soothe the bronchial tubes.

Kholan Jan

Botanical name: Alpina galanga,Galangal

Beyond common use as a flavoring, aromatic stimulant, carminative, and traditional use to treat children’s respiratory complaints, galangal species show promise as antifungals, hypotensives, and enhancers of sperm count and motility. Antitumor and antidementia effects have been observed in rodents.To curb sea and motion sickness, nausea, chew a few slices of fresh galangal. Galangal contains a host of anti-oxidants that helps to minimise the damage caused by free radicals and other toxins in the body. To improve blood circulation in the body, include galangal in your diet. If you suffer form diarrhoea, chew a few slices of fresh galangal to seek relief. Besides being a rich source of iron, sodium, vitamins A and C, it contains flavanoids and phytonutrients.Galangal root is used in many asian cuisines, and has a stimulating effect on the digestive system, much like ginger does. It is a very popular spice in all Southeast Asia and especially typical of the cuisine of Thailand. Fresh galangal has a pure and refreshing odor and an mildly spicy ginger-like flavor. The pungent aromatic oil of the galangal root is a flavoring additive for beverages.

Khurfah

Botanical name: Portulaca oleracea, Purslane

Purslane is a clinically effective treatment for oral lichen planus, and its leaves are used to treat insect or snake bites on the skin, boils, sores, pain from bee stings, bacillary dysentery, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, postpartum bleeding, and intestinal bleeding.Purslane has been used as a vegetable source of omega-3 fatty acids and is high in vitamins and minerals. It possesses marked antioxidant activity. Roles in abnormal uterine bleeding, asthma, type 2 diabetes, and oral lichen planus are suggested; however, clinical studies are limited and diverse in nature.

Khurma Choharay

Botanical name: Phoenix dactylifera, Dates

Dates provide a wide range of essential nutrients, and are a very good source of dietary potassium. The sugar content of ripe dates is about 80%; the remainder consists of protein, fiber, and trace elements including boron, cobalt, copper, fluorine, magnesium, manganese, selenium, and zinc. The glycemic index for three different varieties of dates are 35.5 (khalas), 49.7 (barhi) and 30.5 (bo ma’an).Consumption of dates by women in the final four weeks of pregnancy has positive effects regarding labor. Women who had six dates daily were compared to women who did not eat dates. The date-consuming group had greater mean cervical dilation, higher proportion of intact membranes, higher proportion of spontaneous labor, lower use of prostin/oxytocin, and shorter latent phase of labor.In Pakistan, a viscous, thick syrup made from the ripe fruits is used as a coating for leather bags and pipes to prevent leaking.The palm tree is the most versatile of all indigenous plants, and virtually every part of the tree is utilized to make functional items ranging from rope and baskets to beehives, fishing boats, and traditional dwellings.

Kishmish

Botanical name: Vitis vinefera, raisin grape fruit

There is some evidence drinking grape juice or red wine might help to prevent heart disease.
High blood pressure. Early research suggests that grape seed does not have a significant effect on blood pressure in people with high blood pressure.
Poor night vision. Preliminary research suggests grape seed extract containing chemicals called proanthocyanidins might improve night vision.
Treating varicose veins.
Hemorrhoids.
Constipation.
Cough.
Diarrhea.
Heavy menstrual periods.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Canker sores.
Liver damage.

Konch

Botanical name: Mucuna pruriens, velvet bean

The plant and its extracts have been long used in tribal communities as a toxin antagonist for various snakebites. Research on its effects against Naja spp. (cobra),Echis (Saw scaled viper), Calloselasma (Malayan Pit viper) and Bangarus(Krait) have shown it has potential use in the prophylactic treatment of snakebites.Dried leaves of M. pruriens are sometimes smoked.It has long been used in traditional Ayurvedic Indian medicine for diseases including Parkinson’s disease.Cooked fresh shoots or beans can also be eaten.The seeds of Mucuna pruriens have been used for treating many dysfunctions in Tibb-e-Unani (Unani Medicine), the traditional system of medicine of Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent.It is also used in Ayurvedic medicine.

Kulthi, Hab ul Qilt, Sang Shikan

Kusta Beyza e Murgh

Botanical name: Eggshell

Bone tissue is composed of calcium. Actually, human bones and teeth are very similar to an eggshell’s composition. One of the benefits of eggshells is the calcium contained in the shell (93 %), the bone marrow is fulfilling its hematopoietic function better.Additionally, eggshells also contain mineral elements: magnesium, phosphorus, silicon, sodium, potassium, iron, sulfur, aluminum, etc.There are 27 elements found in the eggshells. Also the protein of a shell is composed of such essential amino acids as methionine, cysteine, lysine, isoleucine. Thus, properly prepared eggshells are the most balanced natural means to obtain calcium.Eggshells are especially beneficial for small children because their bodies experience more intensively involved in the formation of bone tissue, which requires an uninterrupted flow of calcium. Shell’s included in baby food can be beneficial to prevent rickets and anemia, which usually develops in parallel with rickets. Shell’s promote activation of blood in the bone tissue.Studies also showed accelerated healing when using the shell for treating such orthopedic diseases as congenital dislocation of a hip or osteoporosis (softening of the bones).To use eggshells for medicinal purposes, you need to use organic eggs in order to avoid any chemicals or antibiotics.

Kusta Just

Botanical name: Zincum Metelicum, zinc Oxide

This medication is used to treat and prevent diaper rash and other minor skin irritations (e.g., burns, cuts, scrapes). It works by forming a barrier on the skin to protect it from irritants/moisture.The most visible applications for zinc oxide are in skin care for example sun screens, ointments, creams and powders. In product volume these are not so important. The most recent major new use for zinc oxide is in varistors, ceramic zinc oxide components that protect circuits from voltage spikes,zinc oxide, made from metallic zinc, is preferred for rubber uses.

Kustah Faulad/span>

Botanical name: Iron oxide

It is used generally asHaematinic tonic hectic fever.
In gonorrhea, anemia, chlorisis, in certain haemorrhagic diseases
Haemoptysis
Haematuria
Bleeding from piles
In sacrofula tuberculosis
In skin diseases
In jaundice, in enlage spleen, in diabetes, leucorrhea and other feminine complaints
It is regarded as effective against enlargement of abdominal viceras
Iron preparations are generally useful against constipation.

Kuth India

Botanical name: Acacia catechu, Cutch Tree extract

Acacia catechu is a moderate sized, deciduous tree with a light feathery crown, occurring throughout India in dry types of mixed forests on a variety of geological formations and soils. The most important product obtained from this plant is Catechu. This is obtained from heartwood of 20-30 year old trees. In India two types of catechu are marketed: Pale catechu (Katha) and dark catechu (cutch). Katha is an indispensable ingredient of pan preparation. In combination with lime, it gives the characteristic red coloration, resulting from chewing of Pan. Cutch is used for printing and dyeing purpose.Catechu has long been used in Indian medicine. It is astringent, cooling and digestive, used in relaxed condition of the throat, mouth and gums, also in cough and diarrhea. The bark is astringent, the decoction of bark is useful for scabies and other chronic skin troubles. It is given in childbirth, diarrhea, haemoptysis and leucorrhoea. The plant is used for asthma, bronchitis, pain in chest, sores in mouth, colic and cancer. The leaves are used in dysentery and flowers for gonorrhea. The heartwood is inhaled to check bleeding from nose. Root is used for rheumatism and toothache, its extract shows anti-bacterial and fungicidal activity. The gum from the tree is of very good quality and is regarded as good substitutes for true gum arabic. The chief constituents of the heartwood are catechin and catechutannic acid. The saline extract of seeds shows leukoagglutinating activity against leukemic cells. It agglutinates white blood cells from patients with different types of leukemia.Acacia catechu has a significant effect on both cell mediated and humoral immunity. Acacia catechu heartwood contains significant amounts of polyphenolic compounds that exhibit chemopreventive activity against squamous cell carcinoma by acting as a powerful antioxidant.

Lajwanti

Botanical name: Mimosa pudica, bashful

Its root is bitter, acrid, cooling, vulnerary, alexipharmic, and used in the treatment of leprosy, dysentery, vaginal and uterine complaints, inflammations, burning sensation, asthma, leucoderma, and fatigue and blood diseases. Unani Healthcare System its root is resolvent, alternative, and useful in the treatment of diseases arising from blood impurities and bile, bilious fevers, piles, jaundice, and leprosy etc. Decoction of root is used with water to gargle to reduce toothache. It is very useful in diarrhea (athisaara), amoebic dysentery (raktaatisaara), bleeding piles and urinary infections. It arrests bleeding and fastens the wound healing process. It is mainly used in herbal preparations for gynecological disorders. It has been said to have medicinal properties to cure skin diseases. It is also used in conditions like bronchitis, general weakness and impotence. It is also used to treat neurological problems.

Lajward

Botanical name: Lapis lazuli

Lapis Lazuli is beneficial to the throat, larynx, and vocal chords, and helps regulate the endocrine and thyroid glandsIt overcomes hearing loss and other problems with ear and nasal passages. Lapis Lazuli enhances circulation and improves cardiac rhythm., It reduces vertigo and lowers blood pressure, and is thought to alleviate insomnia. Relieve oozing or septic sties, and other eye infections, by rubbing the area with a piece of Lapis heated in warm water. Once cooled, the water can then be used for an eye bath. A Lapis heated in sunlight, reduces bruising and is good for skin problems and insect bites, Lapis is beneficial for women suffering from menstrual irregularities, and relieves cramps, stiffness and lumbago. Lapis Lazuli relieves general pain and inflammations, and is especially effective against migraine headaches. It aids the nervous system and brain disorders, and is believed to help with attention-deficit, autism and Asperger’s syndrome.

Lemon Juice

Botanical Name: Citrus limon, Lemon

Lemon is a plant. The fruit, juice, and peel are used to make medicine. Lemon is used to treat scurvy, a condition caused by not having enough vitamin C. Lemon is also used for the common cold and flu, (swine) flu, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), Meniere’s disease, and kidney stones. It is also used to aid digestion, reduce pain and swelling (inflammation), improve the function of blood vessels, and increase urination to reduce fluid retention. Meniere’s disease. There are some reports that a chemical in lemon called eriodictyol glycoside might improve hearing and decrease dizziness, nausea, and vomiting in some people with Meniere’s disease.Kidney stones. Not having enough citrate in the urine seems to increase the risk of developing kidney stones. There is some evidence that drinking 2 liters of lemonade throughout the day can significantly raise citrate levels in the urine. This might help to prevent kidney stones in these people.Treating scurvy. Scurvy is a condition caused by a lack of vitamin C. Lemon can provide some missing vitamin C. The common cold and flu. Decreasing swelling. Increasing urine.

Long Qaranfal

Botanical name: Syzygium aromaticum, Cloves

Cloves are used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine, Chinese medicine, and western herbalism and dentistry where the essential oil is used as an anodyne (painkiller) for dental emergencies. Cloves are used as a carminative, to increase hydrochloric acid in the stomach and to improve peristalsis. Cloves are also said to be a natural anthelmintic. The essential oil is used in aromatherapy when stimulation and warming are needed, especially for digestive problems. Topical application over the stomach or abdomen are said to warm the digestive tract. Applied to a cavity in a decayed tooth, it also relieves toothache.In Chinese medicine, cloves or ding xiang are considered acrid, warm, and aromatic, entering the kidney, spleen and stomach meridians, and are notable in their ability to warm the middle, direct stomach qi downward, to treat hiccough and to fortify the kidney .Because the herb is so warming, it is contraindicated in any persons with fire symptoms and according to classical sources should not be used for anything except cold from yang deficiency. As such, it is used in formulas for impotence or clear vaginal discharge from yang deficiency, for morning sickness together with ginseng and patchouli, or for vomiting and diarrhea due to spleen and stomach coldness. Cloves may be used internally as a tea and topically as an oil for hypotonic muscles, including for multiple sclerosis.This is also found in Tibetan medicine.Some recommend avoiding more than occasional use of cloves internally in the presence of pitta inflammation such as is found in acute flares of autoimmune diseases.

Loota Sajji-Natroon

Botanical name: Sodium carbonate

Sodium carbonate is a food additive used as an acidity regulator, anti-caking agent, raising agent, and stabilizer. It is one of the components of kansui , a solution of alkaline salts used to give ramen noodles their characteristic flavor and texture. It is also used in the production of snus (Swedish-style snuff) to stabilize the pH of the final product. In Sweden, snus is regulated as a food product because it is put into the mouth,requires pasteurization, and contains only ingredients that are approved as food additives.Sodium carbonate is also used in the production of sherbet powder. The cooling and fizzing sensation results from the endothermic reaction between sodium carbonate and a weak acid, commonly citric acid, releasing carbon dioxide gas, which occurs when the sherbet is moistened by saliva.In China, it is used to replace lye-water in the crust of traditional Cantonese moon cakes, and in many other Chinese steamed buns and noodles.Sodium carbonate is used by the brick industry as a wetting agent to reduce the amount of water needed to extrude the clay.In casting, it is referred to as “bonding agent” and is used to allow wet alginate to adhere to gelled alginate.Sodium carbonate is used in toothpastes, where it acts as a foaming agent and an abrasive, and to temporarily increase mouth pH.Sodium carbonate is used by the cotton industry to neutralize the sulfuric acid need for acid de-linting of fuzzy cottonseed.Sodium carbonate, in a solution with common salt, may be used for cleaning silver. In a non-reactive container (glass, plastic or ceramic) aluminium foil and the silver object are immersed in the hot salt solution. The elevated pH dissolves the aluminium oxide layer on the foil and enables an electrolytic cell to be established. Hydrogen ions produced by this reaction reduce the sulfide ions on the silver restoring silver metal. The sulfide can be released as small amounts of hydrogen sulfide. Rinsing and gently polishing the silver restores a highly polished condition.

Luk Maghsool

Botanical name: Resinous substance rendered by Leccifer Lacca kerr, Shellac

A resinous excretion of an insect, Laccifer (Tachardia) lacca (family Coccidae). The insects suck the juice of various resiniferous Asiatic (chiefly Indian) trees and excrete and deposit “stick-lac.” Shellac softens at a low temperature. It has many nonmedicinal uses and is also used to coat confections and tablets and in dental materials, impression compound and denture base plates.Shellac is a resin secreted by the female lac bug, on trees in the forests of India and Thailand. It is processed and sold as dry flakes (pictured at right), which are dissolved in ethanol to make liquid shellac, which is used as a brush-on colorant.Shellac is scraped from the bark of the trees where the female lac bug, Kerria lacca (Order Hemiptera, Family Kerriidae), also known as Laccifer lacca, secretes it to form a tunnel-like tube as it traverses the branches of tree.

Maayin

Botanical name: Tamarix gallica, French Tamarisk

The root, leaves, young branches, or bark boiled in wine, and drank, stays the bleeding of the hæmorrhodical veins, the spitting of blood, the too abounding of women’s courses, the jaundice, the cholic, and the biting of all venomous serpents, except the asp; and outwardly applied, is very powerful against the hardness of the spleen, and the tooth-ache, pains in the ears, red and watering eyes. The decoction, with some honey put thereto, is good to stay gangrenes and fretting ulcers, and to wash those that are subject to nits and lice. Alpinus and Veslingius affirm, that the Egyptians do with good success use the wood of it to cure the French disease, as others do with lignum vitæ or *guaiacum; and give it also to those who have the leprosy, scabs, ulcers, or the like. Its ashes doth quickly heal blisters raised by burnings or scaldings. It helps the dropsy, arising from the hardness of the spleen, and therefore to drink out of cups made of the wood is good for splenetic persons. It is also helpful for melancholy, and the black jaundice that arise thereof. The ancients believed that swine which fed out of a trough made of this wood, would have no milk. The bark is sometimes used for the rickets in children.”Extracts from the tree are used in traditional medicine in Italy to get rid of warts, and in other parts of Europe it was a remedy for ridding the gastro-intestinal tract of worms. Extracts in one study showed that they were a potent chemoprotective agent.The small branches and leaves have astringent and diuretic properties and externally a compress of the leaves and twiglets will staunch bleeding.As for Tamarisk aphylla, it possesses similar medicinal properties and the flower galls are used in traditional medicine for their astringent properties and as a gargle. A decoction of the bark is used for eczema and other skin complaints.

Maazo

Botanical name: Quercus infectoria, oak gall

Oak apples are the larvae of the cynip insect and these have astringent qualities due to the gallo-tannic acid they contain. A decoction made from these or from the bark of the oak tree is said to stop internal bleeding. The powdered oak apples used to be mixed with benzoated lard and applied to bleeding gums and piles as well as being employed to stop nosebleeds.The bark of the oak tree can be used in a decoction for various ailments including prolapse of the lower bowel. You can make the decoction with 1 ounce of bark to 2 pints of water. Boil these together until the liquid is reduced by half. The water can be used as an effective gargle for sore throats, applied to bleeding gums or haemorrhoids (piles). Powdered bark can be used as snuff and this was used in the early stages of consumption to cure it. It is supposed to be good for respiratory ailments. The decoction of the bark is a tonic, astringent and antiseptic, so can be applied to cuts and wounds. It has also been used with chamomile flowers as a substitute for quinine for fever. The leaves from the oak tree have been applied to fresh wounds to staunch the bleeding.

Maghaz Findaq

Botanical name: Hazelnut

Hazelnuts are used in confectionery to make some pralines, in chocolate for some chocolate truffles, and in hazelnut paste products. In Austria (especially Vienna), hazelnut paste is an ingredient in the making of tortes (such as Viennese hazelnut torte) which are famous there. In Kiev cake, hazelnut flour is used to flavor its meringue body, and crushed hazelnuts are sprinkled over its sides. Dacquoise, a French dessert cake, often contains a layer of hazelnut meringue. Hazelnut is a primary ingredient of the vodka-based liqueur frangelico. Hazelnuts are used abundantly in Turkish cuisine especially on the Pontic coast ofAnatolia. In Georgian cuisine, traditional snack churchkhela and sauce satsivi are often cooked with hazelnuts (along with walnuts).Hazelnut-flavoured coffee seems (to many users) to be slightly sweetened and less acidic, though the nut is low in natural saccharides.The reason for such perception is not yet understood.Over 2,000 tonnes are imported annually into Australia, mostly to supply the demand from the Cadbury-Schweppes company. Hazelnut oil pressed from hazelnuts is strongly flavoured and used as a cooking oil.

Maghaz Kaddo

Botanical name: Lagenaria siceraria seed, Pumpkin seeds

Pumpkin seeds contain conventional antioxidant vitamins like vitamin E. However, not only do they contain vitamin E, but they contain it in a wide variety of forms.Pumpkin seeds have long been valued as a special source of the mineral zinc, and the World Health Organization recommends their consumption as a good way of obtaining this nutrient.Most of the evidence we’ve seen about pumpkin seeds and prevention or treatment of diabetes.Pumpkin seeds, pumpkin seed extracts, and pumpkin seed oil have long been valued for their anti-microbial benefits, including their anti-fungal and anti-viral properties.Because oxidative stress is known to play a role in the development of some cancers, and pumpkin seeds are unique in their composition of antioxidant nutrients, it’s not surprising to find some preliminary evidence of decreased cancer risk in association with pumpkin seed intake.

Bal charr

Maghaz Khastaa

Botanical name: Prunus armeniaca , apricot

Cyanogenic glycosides (found in most stone fruit seeds, bark, and leaves) are found in high concentration in apricot seeds. Laetrile, a purported alternative treatment for cancer, is extracted from apricot seeds. Apricot seeds were used against tumors as early as AD 502. In England during the 17th century, apricot oil was also used against tumors, swellings, and ulcers.In Europe, apricots were long considered an aphrodisiac, and as an inducer of childbirth, as depicted in John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi.Due to their high fiber to volume ratio, dried apricots are sometimes used to relieve constipation or induce diarrhea. Effects can be felt after eating as few as three.

Maghaz Khayareen

Botanical name: Cucumis sativus, Cucumber seed

Keep you hydrated Cucumber has 96% water content that is more nutritious than regular water, which helps in keeping the body hydrated and regulating body temperature Control Blood Pressure Cucumber juice contains a lot of potassium, magnesium and fiber which are very helpful for regulating blood pressure. This makes cucumber especially good for treating both low blood pressure and high blood pressure.Used in cases of Digestive disorders, such as heartburn, gastritis.The photochemicals present in cucumber help kills the bacteria in your mouth which are responsible for bad breath. To get rid of bad breath, press a slice of cucumber in between your mouth with your tongue for at least 30 seconds.Cucumber is a best ingredient for gout pain relief. When mixed with carrot juice, they can relieve gout and arthritis pain by lowering the uric acid levels.Cucumber contains silicon and sulphur and thus a regular intake of cucumber can help promote healthy hair growth. For best results, mix cucumber juice with the juices of carrot, lettuce or spinach.The water content of cucumber acts as a diuretic. It encourages the elimination of waste products from the body through urination. Regular intake of cucumber helps to dissolve bladder or kidney stones.Due to its low calorie and high water content, cucumber is an ideal diet for people who looking for weight loss.

Maghaz Tarbooz

Botanical name: Citrulus lanatus seed, watermelon

Plant foods like watermelon decreases the risk of obesity and overall mortality, diabetes, heart disease and promotes a healthy complexion and hair, increased energy, overall lower weight.

Asthma prevention: The risks for developing asthma are lower in people who consume a high amount of certain nutrients. One of these nutrients is vitamin C, found in many fruits and vegetables including watermelon.watermelon extract supplementation reduced ankle blood pressure, brachial blood pressure and carotid wave reflection in obese middle-aged adults with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension and that watermelon extract improved arterial function.Diets rich in lycopene may help protect against heart disease.

Digestion and regularity: Watermelon, because of its water and fiber content, helps to prevent constipationand promote regularity for a healthy digestive tract.

Hydration: Made up of 92% water and full of important electrolytes, watermelon is a great snack to have on hand during the hot summer months to prevent dehydration.

Inflammation: Choline is a very important and versatile nutrient in watermelon that aids our bodies in sleep, muscle movement, learning and memory. Choline also helps to maintain the structure of cellular membranes, aids in the transmission of nerve impulses, assists in the absorption of fat and reduces chronic inflammation.

Skin: Watermelon is also great for your skin because it contains vitamin A, a nutrient required for sebum production that keeps hair moisturized.

Mahi Rubi Jheengay

Botanical name: Prawns

Prawns are a rich source of Omega 3 Fatty acids which is very good for heart. It helps in widening of lumen of the arties by removing bad cholesterol from the inner walls of the arteries. Thus it helps in reducing the blood pressure which in fact make the heart work less and helps in circulation.Fatty acids are also helpful in fighting against diseases like Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Also it is very good for the liver too. Since prawns are very rich source of calcium it is thus very good for teeth and bones. Vitamin E is found in good quantities in Prawns so it is very good for the skin as Vitamin E is used not only in treating various skin diseases but also gives a glow to the skin. Prawns are rich source of Vitamin B 12. B 12 is very useful not only in keeping memory sharp but also is very good for cardiac health and also is needed by arteries and veins to work properly. Proteins are the building blocks of the body. Body required proteins not only to be healthy but also to repair any damage that has been done to the body like an injury or regular day to day repair. Prawns have very less calories as compared to most other meats and thus is very good for keeping the calorie count down and loose weight.

Majeeth

Botanical name: Rubia cordifolia, Common Madder

Frequently used in ayurvedic medicine, the rubia cordifolia may be used internally or externally to treat a wide range of disorders including those pertaining to female reproduction, the gastrointestinal tract and the skin. Preparations that include derivatives of the flowering plant are also frequently used to treat gouty arthritis, infections and urinary tract problems. Studies indicate that the medicinal plants contain flavonoids, salicylates, and sulfur. Tests reveal the plant roots also contain tannin. Also known as the common madder or the Indian madder, rubia cordifolia may be used alone, but is frequently combined with other herbs as treatments.Taken internally in capsule form, rubia cordifolia reportedly eliminates abnormal vaginal discharges and regulates menstruation cycles. The antispasmodic properties of the plant seem closely related to the ability of calcium channel blockers. This action supposedly aids in relieving painful uterine cramping. Some believe the plant also possesses the ability to eliminate the congestion and stagnation of tissues throughout the body, which cleanses the uterus and improves menstruation flow. The plant’s ability to inhibit platelet aggregation may be the contributing factor to increased blood flow.

Mako
Botanical name: Solanum nigrum, black nightshade

The plant has a long history of medicinal usage, dating back to ancient Greece. In the fourteenth century, we hear of the plant under the name of Petty Morel being used for canker and with Horehound and wine taken for dropsy.”It was a traditional European medicine used as a strong sudorific, analgesic and sedative with powerful narcotic properties, but was considered a “somewhat dangerous remedy”. Internal use has fallen out of favor in Western herbalism due to its variable chemistry and toxicity, but it is used topically as a treatment for herpes zoster.

nigrum is an important ingredient in traditional Indian medicines. Infusions are used in dysentery, stomach complaints and fever. The juice of the plant is used on ulcers and other skin diseases.The fruits are used as a tonic, laxative, appetite stimulant; and also for treating asthma and “excessive thirst”.Traditionally the plant was used to treat tuberculosis.It is known as Peddakasha pandla koora in the Telangana region. This plant’s leaves are used to treat mouth ulcers that happen during winter periods of Tamil Nadu, India. It is known as Manathakkali keerai in Tamil Nadu and Kaachi Soppu in Karnataka, and apart from its use as a home remedy for mouth ulcers, is used in cooking like spinach. In North India, the boiled extracts of leaves and berries are also used to alleviate liver-related ailments, including jaundice. In Assam, the juice from its roots is used against asthma and whooping cough.
S. nigrum is a widely used plant in oriental medicine where it is considered to be antitumorigenic, antioxidant, anti-in?ammatory, hepatoprotective, diuretic, and antipyretic.

Mal Kangni
Botanical name: Celastrus paniculata, black oil plant

Celastrus paniculatus (Celastrus) is a climbing plant which bears fruits, and the seeds within these fruits serve medicinal properties in Indian medicine .In particular, the seeds are reported to alleviate cognitive disturbances and to promote intestinal health; the seeds may be used to create an oil (which goes by many names such as Jyothismati Oil, Celastrus Oil, and Malkanguni Oil) that is used as a massage oil and is reported to help with topical inflammatory conditions as well as acting as a mild sedatory agent.currently the only other properties of the seeds are the reduction in cholesterol.The seeds hold promise in both neurology and in intestinal health (particularly in relaxation, which implicates relieving abdominal pain like Peppermint or being an anti-constipation agent).

Marjaan
Botanical name: Corals

In medicine, chemical compounds from corals are used for cancer, AIDS, pain, and other uses. Coral skeletons, e.g. Isididae are also used for bone grafting in humans. Coral Calx, known as Praval Bhasma in Sanskrit, is widely used in traditional system of Indian medicine as a supplement in the treatment of a variety of bone metabolic disorders associated with calcium deficiency.

Maror Phali
Botanical name: Helicteres isora, Indian screw tree

It is a rich source of nutrients and antioxidants of therapeutic importance.:Investigations have indicated that the plant has antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic and antimicrobial properties.It is a god source of carbohydrate, proteins, fiber, calcium, phosphorus and iron. Different parts of the plant are traditionally used in indigenous medicine system to cure various ailments. The roots and the bark are expectorant, demulcent, constipating and lactifuge and useful in colic, scabies, gastropathy, diabetes, diarrhoea and dysentery. The fruits are astringents, refrigerant, stomachachic, , antispasmodic , haemostatic and vermifuge. They are useful in griping of bowels, flatulence , colic, diabetes, diarrhea and dysentery. Root juice and fruits are topically applied to cure snake bite. Fruit pods are highly nutritive. The fruit powder mixed along some other herbs and spices is given to new mothers as laddoo (Indian sweet dish) in order to cope up with post-delivery weakness.

Marwareed
Botanical name: Pearl

Pearl powder a preparation of crushed pearls used in China for skin care, and in traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-inflammatory and detoxification agent. In Chinese medicine, it is also used frequently as a relaxant.Pearl powder is a finely milled powder made from freshwater pearls, which contains a number of amino acids and several minerals. It can also be made from saltwater pearls. It is considered by its proponents to help improve the appearance of the skin. A typical dose is 1 gram of pearl powder taken by mouth, traditionally mixed into water or tea, twice weekly.It is widely used as a treatment for acne as it is thought to have a purifying effect on the skin, to be good for sensitive skin, and to be effective at fading acne scars.

Mastaqi
Botanical name: Resin from (Pistacia lentiscus, Mastic

Mastic has been used as a medicine since antiquity and is still used in traditional folk medicine of the Middle East. In ancient Greece, it was given as a remedy for snakebite, and, in India and Persia, it was used to fill dental cavities. The first-century Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides mentions the healing properties of mastic in his book De Materia Medica. Hippocrates wrote that the mastic is good for prevention of digestive problems and colds, and Galenus suggested that mastic was useful for bronchitis and for improving the condition of the blood. In medieval times, mastic was highly valued by sultans’ harems as a breath freshener and a tooth whitener.Mastic contains antioxidants and also has antibacterial and antifungal properties. A Nottingham University study published in the New England Journal of Medicine claims that mastic can cure peptic ulcers by killing Helicobacter pylori bacteria. Other studies have indicated that mastic has only a modest ability to eliminate H. pylori but have also suggested that refining mastic by removing the polymer poly-?-myrcene may make the active components, particularly isomasticadienolic acid, more available and effective. Mastic may also have some value in preventing tooth decay and gingivitis as chewing mastic reduces oral bacteria.One of the earliest uses of mastic was as chewing gum; hence, the name. Mastic-flavored chewing gum is sold in Turkey, and Greece. Mastic is used in ice cream, sauces, and seasoning in Lebanon. In Egypt, mastic is used in vegetable preserves, in jams that have a gummy consistency, in soups, and in the preparation of meats. In Morocco, mastic is used in the preparation of smoked foods.

Mong ki Daal
Botanical name: phaseolus mungawill, Mung bean

According to texts of ayurveda this bean is heavy to digest and increases the moistness of body tissues. It is sweet to taste and hot in potency. All these properties help to normalize or calm vitiated vata. Consumption of this bean increases kapha and pitta.Imbalanced vata dosha causes many diseases and also leads to men health problems like erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, low sperm count and motility etc. Hence Ayurveda acharyas recommend use of “masha” in many health conditions.Anti inflammatory properties: According to principles of ayurveda vitiation of vata causes inflammation of tissues and initiates the sensation of pain.“Masha” or urad dal normalizes vata and hence has anti inflammatory properties. Usually a hot poultice of black gram is used in inflammation of joints andmuscle pain. Massaging with herbal oil processed with this wonderful herb helps to reduce pain and inflammation.Nervous system disorders: This herb strengthens nervous system. Ayurveda acharyas recommend preparations of this herb in nervous debility, partial paralysis, facial paralysis and other disorders which involve nervous system. Disorders of digestive system: “Vigna Mungo” or masha helps to increase bulk of stools. The moistness increasing property coupled with bulk increasing quality helps in easy movement of bowel. Therefore usage of this bean is recommended in conditions like constipation, piles and colic. This herb is a very good liver stimulant.Action on male reproductive system: Texts of ayurveda eulogize the aphrodisiac properties of black gram. It increases sperm count and sperm motility.(Increases quality and quantity of semen). It is very effective in erectile dysfunction (impotence) and premature ejaculation.Action on female reproductive system: This herb is effective in dysmenorrhea and primary amenorrhea.It increases milk secretion in lactating mothers.Apart from above mentioned medicinal properties, black gram also helps in increasing body bulk and body energy level. It strengthens the body and increases lifespan.

Moochars
Botanical name: Salmalia malabarica, Silk Cotton Tree gum

A lofty, deciduous tree with horizontally, spreading branches.The bark, on analysis, possesses tannins and non-tannins. It also contains lupeol, ß-sitosterol and its D-glucoside. The bark is given as a demulcent, emetic and tonic. Externally, it is used as a styptic, and also for fomenting wounds. The gum is credited with astringent, tonic, and demulcent properties and is used for dysentery, hemoptysis in pulmonary tuberculosis, influenza and menorrhagia.

Mooli
Botanical name: Radish, Raphanus sativus

Radishes are very good for the liver and stomach, and it acts as a powerful detoxifier too. Radishes are considered roughage, which means that it is composed of indigestible carbohydrates. This facilitates digestion, water retention, and it fixes constipation, which is one of the major causes of piles.Radishes are diurectic in nature, which means that they increase the production of urine. Juice from radishes also cures inflammation and a burning feeling during urination. It also cleans out the kidneys and inhibits infections in the kidneys and urinary system, thus helping the treatment of various urinary conditions that are exacerbated by excess toxins in the system.Radishes are very filling, which mean that they satisfy your hunger without running up your calorie count. They are also low in digestible carbohydrates, high in roughage and contain a lot of water, making radishes a very good dietary option for those who are determined to lose weight.The detoxifying and anti-carcinogenic properties of radishes make them useful in thetreatment of Leucoderma. The radish seeds are used in this treatment method. They should be powdered and soaked in vinegar, ginger juice, or cows urine and then applied on the white patches. You can eat radishes as well to aid the treatment of Leucoderma.Radishes are very high in fiber, which means that they add considerable bulk to bowel movements, which promotes regular excretory patterns and relieve symptoms of constipation. They can also help to firm up loose bowels and get rid of loose stool or diarrhea. Furthermore, radishes are known to promote the production of bile. Bile is one of the most important parts of good digestion, and also helps to protect both the liver.Vitamin-C, phosphorus, zinc and some members of vitamin-B complex that are present in radishes are As a diurectic, cleanser, and disinfectant, radishes help in the treatment of many kidney disorders. Its diurectic properties help wash away the toxins accumulated in the kidneys and they decrease the accumulation of toxins in the blood, thereby decreasing their concentration in the kidneys. Its disinfectant properties protect the kidneys from any infections as well. Radishes are especially beneficial for liver and gallbladder functions. They regulate production and flow of bile and bilirubin, acids, and enzymes. Furthermore, it also removes excess bilirubin from the blood, and it contains enzymes like myrosinase, diastase, amylase and esterase. Regular consumption of radishes protects your liver and gallbladder from infections and ulcers.

Moosli Siah
Botanical name: Curculigo orchioides, golden eye-grass

India officially recognizes over 3000 plants for their medicinal value. It is generally estimated that over 6000 plants in India are in use in traditional, folk and herbal medicine. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Curculigo orchioides, Amaryllidaceae also known as “Golden eye grass”. It possesses a vast ethnomedical history and represents a phytochemical reservoir of heuristic medicinal value. It is one of the oldest oriental medicines mentioned in Ayurveda as potential remedy for various ailments. The rhizome is rich in Curculigoside, other glycosides, steroids, flavonoids and also contains various polyphenolic compounds. Many pharmacological studies have demonstrated the ability of the rhizome shows antioxidant, anti inflammatory, spermatogenic, aphrodisiac, immunostimulant, hepatoprotective, antiasthamatic, supporting its traditional uses. In this review article, we have focused our interest on phytochemistry, traditional uses, tissue culture study and its reported pharmacological properties.

Mooslia Sufaid Shiqaq ul Misri
Botanical Name : Garden asparagus, Asparagus adscendens

It is Demulcent; Diaphoretic; Galactogogue; Stimulant.The roots are demulcent, diaphoretic, galactogogue and stimulant. They are useful in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery and general debility. The tuberous root or rhizome is used in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery and general debility. It is used as an aphrodisiac as well as to increase sperm count. Its use as general tonic is also well known all over India. The dried roots are used in Unani medicine as an aphrodisiac as they are rich in glycosides. It has been found very effective in increasing male potency and is considered as an alternative to Viagra. It offers significant protection against stress induced changes. It cures many physical illness and weakness and it is used for increasing general body immunity. It is used in case of pre-natal and post-natal problems; the root powder is fried in ghee and chewed in the case of apthae of mouth and throat. It is also used in formulations of Body-building medicines. Can be taken as a milk decoction, powder, confection.

Mulathi– Asl us Soos
Botanical name: Liquorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra

The compound glycyrrhizin (or glycyrrhizic acid), found in liquorice, has been proposed as being useful for liver protection in tuberculosis therapy, however evidence does not support this use which may in fact be harmful. Liquorice has also demonstrated promising activity in one clinical trial, when applied topically, against atopic dermatitis. Additionally liquorice has also proven itself effective in treating hyperlipidaemia (a high amount of fats in the blood). Liquorice has also demonstrated efficacy in treating inflammation-induced skin hyperpigmentation. Liquorice may also be useful in preventing neurodegenerative disorders and cavities. Anti-ulcer, laxative, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumour and expectorant properties of liquorice have also been noted.In traditional Chinese medicine, liquorice is commonly used in herbal formulae to “harmonize” the other ingredients in the formula and to carry the formula to the twelve “regular meridians”.Liquorice may be useful in conventional and naturopathic medicine for both mouth ulcers and peptic ulcers.

Munaqqa
Botanical name: Vitis vinifera

Use of grapes is known to date back to Neolithic times, following the discovery in 1996 of 7,000 year-old wine storage jars in present-day northern Iran. Further evidence shows the Mesopotamians and Ancient Egyptians had vine plantations and winemaking skills. Greek philosophers praised the healing powers of grapes both whole and in the form of wine. However, wild vine “mountain grapes” like Vitis thunbergii were being used for wine making before that time. Intraditional medicine of India V. vinifera is used in prescriptions for cough, respiratory tract catarrh, subacute cases of enlarged liver and spleen, as well as in alcohol-based tonics (Aasavs).Using the sap of grapevines, European folk healers sought to cure skin and eye diseases. Other historical uses include theleaves being used to stop bleeding, pain and inflammation of hemorrhoids. Unripe grapes were used for treating sore throats, and raisins were given as treatments for consumption (tuberculosis), constipation and thirst. Ripe grapes were used for the treatment of cancer, cholera, smallpox,nausea, skin and eye infections as well as kidney and liver diseases.Seedless grape varieties were developed to appeal to consumers, but researchers are now discovering that many of the healthful properties of grapes may actually come from the seeds themselves, thanks to their enriched phytochemical content.Grapevine leaves are filled with minced meat (such as lamb, pork or beef), rice and onions in the making of Balkan traditional dolma.

Mur Mukki
Botanical name: Commiphora myrrha, Myrrh

Thought to be effective for pain relief, including menstrual pain resulting from blood stagnation.Powdered myrrh is used in Germany to treat throat and mouth inflammation. It is also used on external injuries to reduce swelling. Applied directly to teeth, it can also help ease the pain of toothache. The ancient Chinese used this herb to treat wounds and bruises; it is still used as a broad-spectrum antiseptic to treat various ailments like conjunctivitis (pinkeye), cold sores and canker sores.It is also believed that the use of myrrh promotes healing, making it a popular ingredient in veterinary salves.Taken internally, myrrh’s antiseptic properties help treat gingivitis and loose teeth, as well as help get rid of bad breath or halitosis. Because of the antifungal properties of the herb it may be used as an herbal treatment for athlete’s foot, candida and other fungal infections. It is thought to be a good herb to reduce cholesterol levels, though clinical studies are thus far inconclusive. Mixed with boric acid and boiling water, myrrh can be used as a gargle for oral inflammation, sore throat, and gum issues. Myrrh gargles may also be beneficial in other mouth and throat diseases such as strep throat.Internally, it has been used as an expectorant and to relieve gastric distress. Additionally, it is used to soothe or relax smooth muscle tissue.Research is currently underway to confirm possible cancer-fighting properties in myrrh.Myrrh has antimicrobial properties and is used internally to stimulate microphage action in the blood stream.

Murda Sang
Botanical name: Plumbi oxidum

These are yellow colored heavy weight medicine.
It is Astringent and used to expel the phleghm from the lungs.
It is used to clear the open wounds which happen due to impurity of blood.
It is used in skin ointments and in powder to treat boil wounds on skin.
The abdominal heliments are expelled from the intestine when it is orally taken.

Musabbar
Botanical name: Aloe Barbadensis, Aloe vera

Aloe vera has proved its efficiency from the simplest allergies to the treatment of wounds and skin infections and even to its usage in alleviating more serious afflictions. With the help of this herb a wide variety of internal and external afflictions are controlled, like: asthma, virosis, arthritis, arthrosis, gingivitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, intestinal inflamations, constipations, obesity, sprains, muscle strains, cutaneous inflamations. The efficiency of the herb was also proven in the cases of anemia, deficiency illnesses, insomnia and depressions and the B-sisterole from the Aloe vera brings about the lowering of the cholesterol level. Also, this herb is used for controlling the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, diabetes, hepatitis and pancreatitis and multiple sclerosis.

Mushk
Botanical name: Moschus Mosifera, Deer musk

Good deer musk is of a dark purplish color, dry, smooth and unctuous to the touch, and bitter in taste. The grain of musk will distinctly scent millions of cubic feet of air without any appreciable loss of weight, and its scent is not only more penetrating but more persistent than that of any other known substance. In addition to its odoriferous principle, it contains ammonia, cholesterol, fatty matter, a bitter resinous substance, and other animal principles.The best quality is Tonkin musk from Vietnam, followed by Assam and Nepal musk, while Carbadine musk from Russian and Chinese Himalayan regions are considered inferior.It is used to treat the male sexual disorders.It is a good toinc for the heart and sexual organs. Widely used in herbal system of medicine is a drug of choice for treatment of heart, lungs, extreme weakness, impotency and brain diseases.

Nagar Motha Saad kofi
Botanical name: Cyperus rotundus, Java grass

The plant is mentioned in the ancient Indian ayurvedic medicine Charaka Samhita (ca. 100 AD). Modern ayurvedic medicine uses the plant, known as musta or musta moola churna, for treating fevers, digestive system disorders, dysmenorrhea and other maladies.Arabs of the Levant traditionally use roasted tubers, while they are still hot, or hot ashes from burned tubers, to treat wounds, bruises,carbuncles, etc. Western and Islamic herbalists including Dioscorides, Galen, Serapion, Paulus Aegineta, Avicenna, Rhazes, andCharles Alston have described medical uses as stomachic, emmenagogue, deobstruent and in emollient plasters.The antibacterial properties of the tubers also apparently helped prevent tooth decay in people who lived in Sudan 2000 years ago. Less than one percent of that local population’s teeth had cavities, abscesses, or other signs of tooth decay, even though those people were probably farmers (early farmers teeth typically had more tooth decay than hunter gatherers because the high grain content in their diet created a hospitable environment for bacteria that flourish in the human mouth , excreting acids that eat away at the teeth).Despite the bitter taste of the tubers, they are edible and have nutritional value. Some part of the plant was eaten by humans at some point in ancient history. The plant is known to have a high amount of carbohydrates. The plant is known to have been eaten in Africa infamine-stricken areas.In addition, the tubers are an important nutritional source of minerals and trace elements for migrating birds such as cranes.

Namak Mooli
Botanical name: Raphanus Stivus salt, RADISH salt

Radish has a high content of an important vitamin, vitamin C, which works in the body to rebuild tissues, blood vessels, maintains healthy bones and teeth, increases the immunity of the body, and helps fight against various diseases. This vitamin is also known to have anti-oxidant properties and is reported to fight the cellular damage and reducing the risk of cancerous formations.Radish has excellent detoxifier properties, it is good for the liver, and is found to be extremely useful for jaundice patients as it helps remove bilirubin and also checks its production at the same time. Black radish and radish leaves are known to be very effective in the treatment of jaundice. Further, it checks the damage of red blood cells by increasing the supply of fresh oxygen in the blood.Radish is full of indigestible carbohydrates or roughage. This not only facilitates a healthy digestion, retains water, cures constipation and gives relief from piles, but also helps in weight loss as it doesn’t add many calories to your system and still satisfies your hunger by filling your stomach.Radish, being diuretic in nature, cures inflammation and burning sensation during urinating and helps a great deal in getting rid of any urinary disorders by cleaning the kidneys and urinary systems.Sodium is known to raise blood pressure above normal and components like potassium, calcium and manganese are known to lower it. Radish is high on potassium, low on sodium, and is also a good source of calcium and manganese, which means that regular consumption of radish helps in regulating blood pressure levels.Radish is an excellent food source for people suffering from breathing disorders, such as asthma or bronchitis, by relieving congestion from within the respiratory system.Along with vitamin C, radish offers folate, B vitamins, and vitamin K as well as essential minerals that include manganese, magnesium, calcium, iron, phosphorous, copper and zinc.

Namak Saanbhar- Namak Seendha
Botanical name: salt lake

A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water which has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per litre). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water, but such lakes would also be termed hypersaline lakes. An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate, is sometimes termed a soda lake.Salt lakes form when the water flowing into the lake, containing salt or minerals, cannot leave because the lake is endorheic (terminal). The water then evaporates, leaving behind any dissolved salts and thus increasing its salinity, making a salt lake an excellent place for salt production. High salinity will also lead to a unique halophilic flora and fauna in the lake in question; sometimes, in fact, the result may be an absence or near absence of life near the salt lake.If the amount of water flowing into a lake is less than the amount evaporated, the lake will eventually disappear and leave a dry lake (also called playa or salt flat).

Namak Siah Kala Namak
Kala Namak is used extensively in South Asian cuisines of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan as a condiment or added to chaats, chutneys, salads, all kinds of fruits, raitas and many other savory Indian snacks. Chaat masala, an Indian spice blend, is dependent upon black salt for its characteristic sulfurous hard-boiled egg aroma. Those who are not accustomed to black salt often describe the smell as similar to rotten eggs.Kala Namak is appreciated by some vegans in dishes that mimic the taste of eggs. It is used, for example, to spice tofu to mimic an egg salad. Kala Namak is considered a cooling spice in ayurvedic medicine and is used as a laxative and digestive aid. It is also believed to relieve intestinal gas and heartburn. It is used in Jammu to cure goiters.This salt is also used to treat hysteria, and for making toothpastes by combining it with other mineral and plant ingredients.

Nar Kachoor
Botanical name: Curcuma caesia, Black Turmeric

The rhizomes are used as a rubeficient to rub the body after taking a Turkish bath. In Bengal, it is used in the fresh state-turmeric. The rhizomes of the herb are often used by the Baiga, Sahariya, Agariya, Gond, Korku, and other tribal communities of Mandla, Balaghat, Chhindwara, Anooppur, and Dindori district of Madhya Pradesh state for the treatment of pneumonia, cough, and cold in children, and for fever and asthma in adults. In northeast India, the powder of rhizomes is used by tribal women as a face-pack during their engagement and marriage period. Fresh rhizomes are crushed and applied as a paste on forehead for relief from migraine or applied on the body for sprains and bruises. In Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh, Kanti tribes apply fresh rhizome paste on snake and scorpion bites . The rhizomes are claimed to have a property of acting against leukoderma, epilepsy . Gondi people of Bastar apply rhizome paste on thehydrocele using betel leaves.Intake of small amount of rhizome paste is claimed to expel gases from stomach and cure menstrual disorders.

Nariyal
Botanical name: Coconucifera, Coconut

Helps Prevent Obesity by speeding up metabolism, providing an immediate source of energy with fewer calories than other fats. People who consistently use coconut products, report a stronger ability to go without eating for several hours with no affects of hypoglycemia. High in Dietary Fiber rivaling other fiber sources such as psyllium, wheat bran, oat bran, and rice bran. Coconut supplies an impressive 61% dietary fiber! Foods contain two types of carbohydrates – digestible and non-digestible. Digestible carbohydrates (soluble fiber) consists of starch and sugar and promote calories. Non-digestible carbohydrates (insoluble fiber) contains NO calories. Since the body cannot digest the dietary fiber in coconut, no calories are derived from it and it has no effect on blood sugar. Reduces Sweet Cravings and improves insulin secretion and utilization of blood glucose. The healthy fat in coconut slowsdown any rise in blood sugar and helps to reduce hypoglycemic cravings. Improves Digestion and many of the symptoms and inflammatory conditions associatedwith digestive and bowel disorders, by supporting absorption of other nutrients including vitamins, minerals, and amino acids while also providing beneficial dietary fiber.Quick Energy Boost that provides a super nutritious source of extra energy. Coconut is utilized by the body to actually produce energy, rather than to store it as body fat. It supports improved endurance during physical and athletic performance. As well, it promotes healthy thyroid function and helps to relieve the symptoms of chronic fatigue.In addition, coconut contains No Trans-Fats, is Gluten-Free, Non-Toxic, Hypoallergenic, and also containsAntibacterial, Antiviral, Antifungal, and Anti-parasitic healing properties. Coconut helps to aid and support overall Immune System functions.

Neem
Botanical name: Melia azedarach, white cedar

Root decoction or fluid extract used as anthelmintic.
– Root bark used as vermifuge; also used for intermittent fevers and dysentery.
– Root bark used in America as a cathartic and emetic.
– In India, before quinine, root bark used for malaria.
– Infusion of bark used as febrifuge especially for periodic fevers; also, for thirst and nausea.
– Poultice of bark used in leprosy and scrofulous ulcers.
– Leaves used in a variety of forms – poultice, wash, ointment or liniment – as external applications to ulcers and skin diseases
– Crushed leaves used as poultice for boils and sores.
– Internally, infusion of fresh leaves used as a bitter vegetable tonic and alterative. (The stools noticed to become a brilliant yellow after use.) Infusion also used for chronic malarial fevers; and as a powerful alterative for chronic syphilitic infections.
– Decoction of leaves used for ; also, for hysteria.
– Juice of leaves used internally as anthelmintic, antilithic, diuretic, and emmenagogue.
– Decoction of leaves used as astringent, anthelmintic and stomachic.
– In Sidh, poultice of leaves used for sprains.
– Paste of flowers used to destroy headlice and associated scalp eruptions. Also, used for prickly heat.
– Poultice of flowers and leaves applied for nervous headaches.
– Fruit used as purgative and emollient; useful for intestinal worms, urinary affections and piles.
– Fruit is considered both tonic and poisonous, and used for leprosy and scrofula; the fruit pulp used as anthelmintic. (The pulp of the fruit, mixed with grease, is reported to kill dogs.)
– Seeds are emetic, laxative and anthelmintic; in Indo-China, used for typhoid fever and urinary retention.
– Oil used for syphilitic sores and indolent ulcers; also, for leprosy, suppurating scrofulous glands and rheumatism.
– Oil used as application for erysipelas, scrofula, and various skin diseases; also, as parasiticide in various cutaneous affects as ringworm and scabies.
– Internally, the oil used for chronic malarial fevers, syphilis, and leprosy.
– In Ayurveda, used for leprosy, inflammation, cardiac disorders and scrofula; as antihelmintic, antilithic, diuretic.
– In Mauritius, the root bark is used as anthelmintic; in Algeria, as tonic and antipyretic; elsewhere, the heartwood is used to relieve asthma, as emetic or as emmenagogue.

Noshadar
Botanical name: Ammonium chloride

Ammonium chloride is used as an expectorant in cough medicine. Its expectorant action is caused by irritative action on the bronchial mucosa. This causes the production of excess respiratory tract fluid which presumably is easier to cough up. Ammonium salts are an irritant to the gastric mucosa and may induce nausea and vomiting.Ammonium chloride is used as a systemic acidifying agent in treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis, in oral acid loading test to diagnose distal renal tubular acidosis, to maintain the urine at an acid pH in the treatment of some urinary-tract disorders. Ammonium chloride is used in a ~5% aqueous solution to work on oil wells with clay swelling problems. It is also used as electrolyte inzinc–carbon batteries. Other uses include in hair shampoo, in the glue that bonds plywood, and in cleaning products. In hair shampoo, it is used as a thickening agent in ammonium-based surfactant systems, such as ammonium lauryl sulfate. Ammonium chloride is used in the textile and leather industry in dyeing, tanning, textile printing and to luster cotton.

Otang Gun
Botanical name: Blepharis edulis

To manage the normal sex life and to have a strong erection is the dream of every man, but due to some health difficulties and medical problem many of them fail to achieve that. To solve this erection problem natural is the most recommended way. Here are given herbs for impotence which will help people in maintaining a proper erection.The herbal remedies are most preferred by most of the men’s because of their side effect free results and they are age old practices by horologist and thus safe to use.The natural herbs are safe to use as they are not produced by chemical synthesis process and does not involve harsh ingredients in it. The herbal treatment offers the gentle action on the body and thus fortifies the blood stream through the male sex organ which is necessary for maintaining erection.Natural herbs for erectile dysfunction possess the ability to carry out the normal functioning of vital body organs and helps to rejuvenate the individual.Here is a quick guide for natural herbs for treating Men health: one can improve their erectile dysfunction.This herb stimulates the blood vessels to open broader for better blood flow.The benefit of this herb is that it delivers the side effect free result in improving sex life of an individual.

Ginkgo: this herb has a potential to improve blood flow through penis thus helps in improving the erection.It is used as expectorant, aphrodisiac, stimulant, diuretic.It is used in ascites.

Oud Bilsaan
Botanical name: Balsamodendron opobalsamum/ Balsamodendron Oppbalsum

Habitat Found in countries on both sides of Red Sea.
English Balsam tree, Balsam of Mecca, Balsam of Gilead.
Unani Balsaan, Roghan-e-Balsaan (oil), Hab-e-Balsaan (fruit). Ood-eBalsaan (wood).
Action Used in diseases of the urinary tract. Balsams are diuretic and stimulate mucous tissues in small doses (nauseatic and purgative in large doses).
In Unani medicine, the fruit is used as an expectorant and emmenagogue, also for neurological affections. The wood is also used as an ingredient in compounds for epilepsy and other nervine disorders. The oil is used externally for its anti-inflammatory and revitalizing properties.

Oud Saleeb
Botanical name: Common peony, Paeonia officinalis

Antispasmodic, tonic. Paeony root has beensuccessfully employed in convulsions and spasmodic nervous affections, such as epilepsy, etc.It was formerly considered very efficacious for lunacy. An old writer tells us: ‘If a man layeth this wort over the lunatic as he lies, soon he upheaveth himself whole.The infusion of 1 OZ. of powdered root in a pint of boiling water is taken in wineglassful doses, three or four times daily.An infusion of the powdered root has been recommended for obstructions of the liver, and for complaints arising from such obstructions.Muscle cramps. Developing research suggests that taking a specific combination of peony and licorice (Shakuyaku-kanzoh-to) might ease muscle cramps in people with liver cirrhosis and in people undergoing hemodialysis.

Gout
Osteoarthritis
Breathing problems
Cough
Skin diseases
Hemorrhoids
Heart trouble
Stomach upset
Spasms
Nerve problems
Migraine headache
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
Other conditions
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of peony for these uses

Paan
Botanical name: Piper betle,The betel leaf, Piper betle

To treat acne, please take 8-10 pieces of betel leaf. Clean and wash can be made with kneaded or crushed rough, and brewed with hot water and use a hot water infusion of the leaves of the betel had to wash their faces. Do 2-3 times a day.One of the benefits of betel leaf to treat itching where we could take water decoction of betel leaf for bathrooms or by washing kulity ang getting itchy. Take 15-20 pieces of betel leaves, wash and then boiled. Guanakan water decoction of leaves of the betel leaves are still warm last to shower or wash the affected hives.As we know the betel leaf to treat nosebleeds which by means of grab 1 or 2 pieces of betel leaves and wash clean. Memarkan betel leaf and roll if fitting to clog our nose nosebleed. Please take the 10-15 had betel leaves provide enough aroma and a distinctive color. Boil the betel leaf that has been washed out last with 2-3 liter water. And use of water decoction of betel leaf that is still warm to wash Miss V (Female Genitalia).To treat cancer please take a few betel leaves, and boiled water and killings have been reduced by 1/4 part, take water decoction of betel leaf last and mix with honey served while still warm and drink regularly 2-3 times a day. To treat a cough similar to prescription to treat cancer is to boil 10-15 the betel leaf and let the cold water and mix the stew that can with honey or sugar to drink. How can the betel leaf to eliminate body odor? Want to know how? That is with taking a few betel leaves, I recommend the 5 pieces of betel leaf ang boiled with 2 glasses of water and when the water is already diminished seduh one glass. Drinking in the daytime in order to benefit kerasa betel leaf to eliminate body odor. It’s easy, just take a few betel leaves, wash and wring the water. Add a bit of honey and apply the liquid last kedapam the burning skin.

Papeeta
Botanical name: Carica papaya, Papaya

Is a delicious tropical fruit which has a great taste, mouthwatering flavor and great health benefits. Originally from the tropics of America the taste and its numerous health benefits made it popular in all the continents. Skin & Papaya- It is great for the skin and can be used as a face pack to get its benefits. It helps to get rid of acne and skin infections as it helps to open clogged pores. The fermented flesh of papaya also called as papain helps to dissolve the dead cells, giving fresh and glowing skin as a result. It is good to cure the skin infections and woundsthat don’t heal quickly.

Cholesterol & Papaya- As it is a fruit that is rich in fiber it lowers blood cholesterol levels. It contains enzymes that help prevent oxidization of cholesterol, which in return helps to prevent heart-attacks.
Anti-ageing & Papaya- The antioxidants in papaya help in controlling premature ageing. This quality of the papaya helps you to get a younger look.
Intestinal Worms & Papaya- The seeds of papaya too possess medicinal properties. They are very good in treating intestinal worms in the body.
Constipation & Papaya- Papaya helps in preventing constipation and aids in digestion. The enzyme papain is a digestive enzyme that helps in natural digestion.
Colon & Papaya- Its juice helps in curing infections of the colon by clearing the pus and mucus from it. You need to take it regularly to heal quickly.
Weight Loss & Papaya- It is low in calories and high in nutritional values. Hence, it is a good food for those who want to lose some weight
Morning Sickness & Papaya- In pregnant ladies, regular consumption of a small slice of papaya helps to cure nausea and morning sickness.
Osteoporosis & Papaya- It contains anti-inflammatory enzymes that help in relieving pain for those who are suffering from arthritis, edema and osteoporosis, and it also possesses anti-cancerous properties that can help prevent cancer.
Immunity & Papaya- It is rich in Vitamin A and Vitamin C that help in boosting the body’s immunity and hence is very good for those who are suffering from fever, cold or flu.
Shampoos & Papaya- Shampoos containing papaya are very good to control dandruff.
Menstrual Irregularities & Papaya- It helps in controlling the menstrual irregularities in women. Papaya helps to ease menstrual cramps and helps in promoting regular flow of menstruation.
Liver cancer & Papaya juice- As it has anti-proliferative effect on liver cancer cells it stops or slows down the growth of the cancer cells of liver and helps in its cure.

Peepal
Botanical name: Ficus religiosa, sacred fig

Ficus religiosa is used in traditional medicine for about 50 types of disorders including asthma, diabetes, diarrhea, epilepsy, gastric problems, inflammatory disorders, infectious and sexual disorders. Peepal tree is of great medicinal value. Its leaves serve as a wonderful laxative as well as tonic for the body. It is especially useful for patients suffering from Jaundice. It helps to control the excessive amount of urine released during jaundice. The leaves of Peepal are highly effective in treating heart disorders. It helps to control the palpitation of heart and thereby combat the cardiac weakness. Ayurveda makes an extensive use of the leaves of peepal due to the numerous benefits it provides.

Peepla mol
long pepper root

Piper Bienguem root

Persi Ooshaan
Botanical name: Adiantum Capillus-veneris , MAIDENHAIR

The plant is pectoral, expectorant, emmenagogue, astringent and diuretic; used as a popular cough medicine in Europe. It is also used in throat affections and bronchial disorders. The leaves along with pepper are given as a febrifuge; prepared with honey they are used in catarrhal affections. In Mexico, the plant is used as a tea to relieve colic and for amenorrhoea. The rhizome is used to get relief from respiratory diseases. Decoction of the leaves cures stomach pain. Fresh juice is taken with sugar or honey in irregular menstruation.

Pista
Botanical name: Pistacia vera, Pistachio

Pistachios are delicious tree nuts recognized for their wholesome nutrition properties. Together with walnuts, almonds, and cashew, they form important source of protein, fats, and minerals to otherwise dry and arid regions of Central, West and South Asian population.They are rich source of many phyto-chemical substances that may contribute to their overall antioxidant activity, including carotenes, vitamin E, and polyphenolic antioxidant compounds. Research studies have been suggestive of that these compounds help remove toxic oxygen-free radicals from the body, and thus, protect it from diseases, cancers, as well as infections.Pistachios are an excellent sources of vitamin-E, especially rich in gamma tocopherol; contain about 23 g per100 g. vitamin E is a powerful lipid soluble antioxidant, essential for maintaining the integrity of cell membrane of mucus membranes and skin; offer protection from harmful oxygen-free radicals.The nuts are packed with many important B-complex groups of vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B-6, and folates.They are the storehouse of minerals like copper, manganese, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, and selenium. 100 g nuts provide 144% of daily-recommended levels of copper. Copper is an essential trace mineral that is required in neuro-transmission, metabolism, as well as red blood cell (RBC) synthesis.Pistachio oil extracted from these nuts is one of the healthiest cooking oils. It has pleasent nutty aroma and has excellent emollient properties. It helps keep skin well protected from dryness. Besides been used in cooking, it also employed as “carrier or base oil” in traditional medicines in massage therapy, aromatherapy, in the pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industry.

Piyaz
Botanical name: Allium cepa, Onion

Bulbs from the onion family are thought to have been used as a food source for millennia.The onion is easily propagated, transported and stored. The ancient Egyptians worshipped it, believing its spherical shape and concentric rings symbolized eternal life.Onions were even used in Egyptian burials, as evidenced by onion traces being found in the eye sockets of Ramesses .In ancient Greece, athletes ate large quantities of onion because it was believed to lighten the balance of the blood.Roman gladiators were rubbed down with onions to firm up their muscles. In the Middle Ages, onions were such an important food that people would pay their rent with onions, and even give them as gifts.Doctors were known to prescribe onions to facilitate bowel movements and erections, and to relieve headaches, coughs, snakebite and hair loss.Onions were taken by the first settlers to North America, where the Native Americans were already using wild onions in a number of ways, eating them raw or cooked in a variety of foods. They also used them to make into syrups, to form poultices and in the preparation of dyes.Onions were also prescribed by doctors in the early 16th century to help with infertility in women. They were similarly used to raise fertility levels in dogs, cats and cattle, but this was an error as recent research has shown that onions are toxic to dogs, cats, guinea pigs and many other animals.

Podeena-Peppermint
Botanical name: Mentha × piperita, Peppermint

Peppermint oil (as well as peppermint leaf) has been used internally as an antispasmodic (upper gastrointestinal tract and bile ducts) and to treat irritable bowel syndrome, catarrh of the respiratory tract, and inflammation of the oral mucosa. Externally, peppermint oil has been used for myalgia and neuralgia. According to Commission E, peppermint oil may also act as a carminative, cholagogue, antibacterial, and secretolytic, and it has a cooling action.Enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules (Colpermin) has been used as an orally administered antispasmodic premedication in colonoscopy. The capsules were found beneficial in reducing total procedure time, reducing colonic spasm, increasing endoscopist satisfaction and decreasing pain in patients during colonoscopy.Due to the menthol constituent, topical use of peppermint oil around the facial or chest areas of infants and young children, especially around the nose, can induce apnea laryngeal and bronchial spasm, acute respiratory distress with cyanosis, or respiratory arrest. It is also used in construction and plumbing to test for the tightness of pipes and disclose leaks by its odor.

Post Taranj
Botanical name: Citrus

Citrus fruits include oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruits, in addition to tangerines and pomelos. Not only are the citrus fruits in this diverse group delicious and refreshing, they earn their definition of an all-star food for their richness in compounds called flavonoids, which have anticancer properties. Citrus fruit flavonoids have been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and prevent the spread of tumors.Citrus flavonoids are also antioxidants that can neutralize free radicals and may protect against heart disease. Studies show that citrus flavonoids may improve blood flow through coronary arteries, reduce the ability of arteries to form blood clots and prevent the oxidation of LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, which is an initial step in the formation of artery plaques.Citrus fruits are also high in vitamin C, and are good sources of folate and potassium. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant and protects the body from damaging free radicals. It is also required for the synthesis of collagen, which helps wounds heal and helps hold blood vessels, tendons, ligaments and bone together. Potassium is a mineral and electrolyte that is essential for the function of nerves, heart contraction, and some enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.Are rich in antioxidants that help maintain brain function and keep bones and joints in tip top shape as we age!Are the richest fruit source of the antioxidant hesperetin, which protect cells as we age!May reduce the damaging effects of cholesterol and heart disease by protecting the inside of artery walls.Reduce the risk of developing a range of cancer.Boost the immune system with all of the recommended vitamin C in take in just one Australian orange! Are high in folic acid and ideal for pregnant women with one orange providing 18% of the recommended daily intake.Are high in dietary fibre and help prevent bowel problems, improve cholesterol levels and reduce risk of heart disease.Are natural sources of sweetness and provide just 2% of your daily energy needs in one medium orange.

Puth kanda ,Charchita
Botanical name: Achyranthes aspera, devil’s horsewhip

Devil’s Horsewhip features anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, antibiotic and anti-inflammatory properties amongst others. The juice derived from the plant is used for the treatment of stomach ailments such as diarrhea and dysentery. The plant’s juice is also used as a powerful laxative and for the treatment of rheumatic pains, hemorrhoids, itches and skin conditions. The Devils Horsewhip root can also be grounded into a paste and mixed with water. This paste is used on the skin to treat snake bites or it can be ingested in an effort to induce vomiting. As with all herbs, care should be taken when using Devil’s Horsewhip as side effects such as an allergic reaction might occur.well as an emetic, and the smoke from the burnt plant is inhaled for asthma and coughs. The powdered root and seeds are also burned and inhaled for the same purposes. The seeds taken with milk are said to be good if you want to lose weight; to reduce fat in the organs, the expressed juice of the leaves is mixed and heated in sesame oil and placed on the skin over the parts where fat needs to be removed. This is also used for many skin problems.The powdered seeds are mixed with powdered salt and used to whiten the teeth and stop bleeding gums. The stems of It is widely used for stomach complaints, including diarrhoea and dysentery, as a laxative and purgative as the plant may also be used as toothbrushes. With pepper and garlic the leaves, ground to a paste are made into pea sized balls and dried and given to reduce fever, while the crushed leaves mixed into an ointment with ghee are used for piles.The seeds may be eaten and are rich in protein, and the plant is a food crop inChina. The leaf is sometimes used as a pot herb to flavour dishes.The plant contains betaine and achyranthine an alkaloid, along with tannin, glycosides and triterpenoid saponins (mentioned above) and yields essential oil. Scientific studies have found that the plant has anti-inflammatory, analgesic antibiotic, anti-fungal, cholesterol-lowering, immuno-stimulatory, wound healing, and anti-bacterial properties. It also is anti-allergenic, supports the kidneys’ functions, is spermicidal and anti-parasitica.

Qalmi Shoora
Botanical name: Potassium nitrate

Treats small ulcers and wounds on the skin and mucous membranes, including the mouth, rectum, and vagina. It may also be used to stop nosebleeds or minor skin bleeding, or to remove warts and other small skin growths. Saltpeter is a common food preservative and additive, fertilizer, and oxidizer for fireworks and rockets. It is one of the principle ingredients in gunpowder. Potassium nitrate is used to treat asthma and in topical formulations for sensitive teeth. It was once a popular medication for lowering blood pressure. Saltpeter is a component of condensed aerosol fire suppression systems, salt bridges in electrochemistry, heat treatment of metals, and for thermal storage in power generators. Electrolyte in a salt bridge.Active ingredient of condensed aerosol fire suppression systems. When burned with the free radicals of a fire’s flame, it produces potassium carbonate. Component (usually about 98%) of some tree stump removal products. It accelerates the natural decomposition of the stump by supplying nitrogen for the fungi attacking thewood of the stump. In heat treatment of metals as a medium temperature molten salt bath, usually in combination with sodium nitrite. A similar bath is used to produce a durable blue/black finish typically seen on firearms. Its oxidizing quality, water solubility, and low cost make it an ideal short-term rust inhibitor. To induce flowering of mango trees in the Philippines.Thermal storage medium in power generation systems. Sodium and potassium nitrate salts are stored in a molten state with the solar energy collected by the heliostats at the Gemasolar Thermosolar Plant. Ternary salts, with the addition of calcium nitrate or lithium nitrate, have been found to improve the heat storage capacity in the molten salts.

Qust Sheereen
Botanical name: Saussurea Lappa, Costus

Effectiveness of the treatment in cases of:

Digestive problems.
Gas.
Asthma.
Cough.
Dysentery.
Cholera.
Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of costus for these uses.
Both roots dry out excess phlegm, and help remedy head cold, or acute nasal congestion (catarrh; Arb. zukaam).
Drinking an infusion of costus helps weakness of the liver, weakness of digestion, slackness of the stomach, stomach flu, diarrhea of the liver; and helps as an antipyretic to abate febris recurrence, quells quartan phlegmonous fever.
An ointment of it helps backache, or rheumatic pain in the lumbar region (lumbago); also kills ringworm, and to remove dry scales shed by the skin, including dandruff.
Costus also can help spasmodic contractions and rigidity of voluntary muscles (tetanus).
Costus is used in the treatment of pleurisy.
Costus roots also help asthmatic symptoms and heaviness of the chest.
An inunction of costus mixed with water and honey helps to control skin discoloration on the face and the chest resulting from pregnancy or malnutrition. Also helps the removal of scars, surgical or otherwise.
Be sure to look for costus in shops which sell Indian foods and spices. Some herbal shops might carry this medicinal plant as well. If not available in your area, search the internet for more information as to how you can obtain it.

Raal
Botanical name: Shorea robusta

Is considered a holy tree by Hindus and Buddhists. Ancient Indian texts show that Shorea or common sal is a favorite tree of Lord Sri Vishnu. Also known as Indian dammer, Shorea robusta finds its use in Ayurveda, Unani and tribal systems of medicine. It has a number of medicinal properties but the tree is valued for its ability to stop bleeding piles and provide relief to the patient. Bark, leaves, fruit, and resin of Shorea are used in medicinal preparations. The resin is also burnt as incense and the fumes thus obtained are said to have medicinal properties. Shorea ointments for skin troubles, breast enhancement and for bleeding piles are available in herbal stores. Some herbal doctors consider Shorea as a natural remedy for diabetes, nervine pain, arthritis, burns, ulcers, and jaundice and skin infections. It has anti-bacterial properties too. Resin obtained from Shorea robusta bark is used for relief from arthritis. Take a few grams of Shorea resin and add it to the white of egg. Mix them well with a spoon and apply the paste on the affected portion. It gives relief from joint pains caused by arthritis. Herbal cream prepared from Shorea leaves is applied to wounds for quick healing. It kills germs including bacteria. For those suffering from diarrhea, a mixture of Shorea robusta and Mimosa pudica powder is administered orally. When taken in small quantities (one gram), it provides relief from diarrhea. Robusta resin is taken orally in small quantities for goiter. Goiter is caused due to iodine deficiency. In the case of anaemia, the intake of Shorea leaf powder with honey will help in improving the RBC count. Herbal doctors point out that fumes of Shorea resin provide relief from uncontrollable hiccups.

Rai
Botanical name: Brassica nigra, mustard

Black mustard is an appetizer, digestive, diuretic, emetic, irritant and stimulant. Used internally, it can promote appetite. Grounded seed is applied externally to the skin in cases of rheumatism, sciatica, peritonitis, neuralgia, and numerous internal inflammations. It reduces skeletal and muscular pain. Herbal tea or grounded seed sprinkled on bath water is helpful in cases of fevers, colds, and influenza.

Rasoot
Botanical name: Berberis aristata,Berberis

An eye infection that can cause blindness (trachoma), Liver disease, Malaria, Heart failure.Heavy menstrual periods, Diarrhea, Yellowed skin (jaundice), Burns, when applied directly to the skin.More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of tree turmeric for these uses.The plant is anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, astringent, alternative, antipyretic, antiperiodic, anti-septic, anti-cancer, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, laxative, stomachic and sweat-inducing. It is mainly used in eye diseases, haemorrhoids, amenorrhoea, leucorrhoea, piles, sores, peptic ulcers, dysentery, heartburn, indigestion, hepatitis, intermittent fever, and chronic ophthalmia. An infusion of root is useful in treatment of malaria, skin diseases, diarrhea and jaundice. A decoction is used as mouthwash for treating swollen gums and toothache. It is also used to treat infections, eczema, parasites, psoriasis, and vaginitis. Roots are hypoglycemic, antiinflammatory and stimulate the cardiovascular system. Root bark is anticoagulant and hypotensive in nature.

Ratanjot
Botanical name: Onosma Hispidum, Onosma Hispidum

Root yields red color commercial dye, mainly used for coloring foodstuffs, wools, oils, and medicinal preparations. Also, used in the treatment of wounds, pain relief, fevers, infectious diseases, bites, and stings. Flowers are used as stimulant and cardiac tonic. Bruised roots of ratanjot are applied externally to cutaneous eruptions.

Rausk Kapoor
Botanical name: Huoras Gyri Subehloridum, mercuric chloride

Mercuric chloride was used to disinfect wounds by Arab physicians in the Middle Ages. It continued to be used by Arab doctors into the twentieth century, until modern medicine deemed it unsafe for use.Syphilis was frequently treated with mercuric chloride before the advent of antibiotics. It was inhaled, ingested, injected, and applied topically. Poisoning was so common that its symptoms were confused with those of syphilis. This usage of “salts of white mercury” is referred to in the English folk-song, “The Unfortunate Rake”.The element mercury is an ingredient in dental amalgams. Thiomersal (called Thimerosal in the United States) is an organic compound used as a preservative in vaccines, though this use is in decline. Thiomersal is metabolized to ethyl mercury. Although it was widely speculated that this mercury-based preservative could cause or trigger autism in children, scientific studies showed no evidence supporting any such link. Nevertheless, thiomersal has been removed from, or reduced to trace amounts in all U.S. vaccines recommended for children 6 years of age and under, with the exception of inactivated influenza vaccine.Another mercury compound, merbromin (Mercurochrome), is a topical antiseptic used for minor cuts and scrapes is still in use in some countries.Mercury in the form of one of its common ores, cinnabar, is used in various traditional medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicine. Review of its safety has found that cinnabar can lead to significant mercury intoxication when heated, consumed in overdose, or taken long term, and can have adverse effects at therapeutic doses, though effects from therapeutic doses are typically reversible. Although this form of mercury appears to be less toxic than other forms, its use in traditional Chinese medicine has not yet been justified, as the therapeutic basis for the use of cinnabar is not clear.Today, the use of mercury in medicine has greatly declined in all respects, especially in developed countries. Thermometers and sphygmomanometers containing mercury were invented in the early 18th and late 19th centuries.

Reetha
Botanical name: Sapindus Trifoliatus, Reetha

Reetha is used as the main ingredient in soaps and shampoos for washing hair, as it is considered good for the health of hair. The trend of washing hair with soapnut (reetha) is still followed in many local households.Ritha or soap nuts have anti inflammatory, anti microbial, antibiotic, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antipruritic, anti hyperlipidemic, emetic, and CNS depressive activity.Soap nuts have anti inflammatory properties. They can be used on inflamed joints externally to reduce inflammation.Ritha acts as a purgative to reduce both body heat and accumulated mucus.In morphine poisoning, ritha powder is given to induce vomiting.A study was done to assess the antibacterial effects of the leaf extract on these bacteria as compared to Penicillin and Streptomycin.The fruit extract lowers both cholesterol and triglyceride levels.Ritha leaf extracts show lower blood sugar due to its anti diabetic activity.The antioxidant activity can be used to manufacture anticancer & anti aging products for use on the skin.Soap nut extracts have hepatoprotective and anti epileptic activity and is an anti hysteric.Because of its spermicidal activity a herbal contraceptive has been made from it. Concentrations almost 10 times lower than above have been shown to inhibit trichomoniasis in women, a sexually transmitted disease.

Reg Mahi
Botanical name: Lacerta agilis, sand lizard

It is used to treat male sexual problems like impotency, loose erection and decreased male hormonal function.It is a good male sexual tonic. It captured from the dessert and then dried by common salt. Then the salt is removed by washing with water and the lizard is used in herbal medicine. When the lizard is in mode of sensual arousal some substance is dropped from its mouth which is collected and used as medicine.This substance is used with yolk and with chicken soup. It enhances the testes’s function.

Rewand Chini Rewand Khatai
Botanical name: Rheum Emodi, Indian Rhubarb

Rhubarb is used as purgative and astringent tonic. Its stimulating effect, combined with aspirin properties, renders it especially useful in atonic dyspepsia.The herb can be used as a strong laxative. Its roots have been used as a laxative for about 5000 years. They have an astringent-like effect on the mucous membranes of the mouth and nasal cavity.The root and stem of the plant are rich in anthraquinones, such as emodin and rhein. These substances are cathartic and laxative, which is also the reason why rhubarb acts a slimming agent.The root of the plant is also used in traditional Chinese medicine. It was also used in the medieval Arabic and European prescriptions.Rhubarb is used for making jams and sauce. It is also cooked with strawberries or apples as a sweetener or with stem or root ginger, to make various types of jams and sausages.It is also used to make a strong dye, which creates a golden hair color and is suitable for those who have light brown or blondish hair. Simmer 3 tbsp of rhubarb root in 2 cups of water, for about 15 minutes. Leave overnight, and strain in the morning. First, test on a few strands of hair to see the effect, and then pour through the hair for a rinse.

Roghan Jigar Mahi
Botanical name: COD LIVER OIL

Cod liver oil can be obtained from eating fresh cod liver or by taking supplements.Cod liver oil is used for high cholesterol, high triglycerides, kidney disease in people with diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, osteoarthritis, depression, anautoimmune disease called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), glaucoma, and middle ear infections (otitis media).Some people put cod liver oil on their skin to speed wound healing. When taken in appropriate doses by mouth, cod liver oil seems to help lower high triglycerides (a type of blood fat), lower high blood pressure, and treat some symptoms of kidney disease related to diabetes. It doesn’t seem to lower high cholesterol or reduce arthritis pain. Other uses are still under investigation.Lowering blood fats called triglycerides. Taking cod liver oil by mouth can reduce triglyceride levels by 20% to 50% in people with high triglyceride levels.

Saandha
Botanical name: Indian Spiny-tailed Lizard, Indian Spiny-tailed Lizard

The flesh of the lizard is said to taste similar to that of chicken. The fat stored in the tail of the lizard is purported to have medicinal properties.In India, these lizards are caught for their meat, with certain castes of Hindus it is a regular article of diet. the meat is said to be excellent and white like chicken. The head and feet are not eaten, but the tail is considered a great delicacy. The fat of the body is boiled down and the resulting oil is used as an embrocation and also as a cure for impotence.The fat of the body is boiled down and the resulting oil. A sanda produces almost 15 tea spoons of oil, which is extracted from the fat of the body. The oil prepared from the fat is used for message on the body parts. In Pakistan not many people have health facilities so they depend on such things and many people use these kinds of medicines to cure their diseases.

Sadaf
Botanical Name: Oyster

In Vietnam, traditional medicine has a wide variety of uses for shells: powdered oyster shell is taken to treat acid indigestion, fatigue and to stop hemorrhage. It is also sprinkled over open wounds and boils. Cuttlefish bones are used as a remedy for rickets (which is caused by lack of vitamin C), a healing agent in the treatment of gastro-intestinal troubles, a local anti-hemorrhagic (i.e., it stops internal bleeding), and as an antiseptic is cases of inflammation of the middle ear. The flat shell of the Abalone, with its iridescent inside, is powdered and taken orally to improve vision, to remove keratoses (cataracts), and to improve such conditions as hemeralopia (where you can see at night well, but hardly at all in the daytime!. Powdered pearls from oysters are used as a topical eye medicine (i.e., you put it right on your eyes!!), and it has been scientifically proven to have some anti-inflammatory effects on a painful condition called conjunctivitis, where the surface of the eye becomes red and sore. Oysters naturally produce compounds called statins. Statin drugs reduce “bad cholesterol” (LDL) by stimulating receptors in the liver to clear the cholesterol from the body. Studies have shown a link between consuming Pleurotus ostreatus and a lowering of cholesterol levels, no doubt due to the statins they produce. Hopefully future research will reveal exactly how much to eat to get these effects.As for cancer, research shows a possible anti-tumor effect from polysaccharides in oysters. A polysaccharide is a complex carbohydrate made up of smaller sugar molecules.Specific polysaccharides, known as beta-D-glucans, are suspected to stimulate the immune system to fight cancer.The beta-D-glucan isolated from oyster mushrooms is called pleuran. Studies are ongoing into the effects of pleuran for cancer treatment. Eventually I’d like to link to a legitimate human trial, as all those I’ve found so far have used laboratory animals.

Saib
Botanical name: Malus domestica, apple

The chief dietetic value of apples lies in the malic and tartaric acids. These acids are of signal benefit to persons of sedentary habits, who are liable to liver derangements, and they neutralize the acid products of gout and indigestion. ‘An apple a day keeps the doctor away’ is a respectable old rhyme that has some reason in it.The acids of the Apple not only make the fruit itself digestible, but even make it helpful in digesting other foods. Popular instinct long ago led to the association of apple sauce with such rich foods as pork and goose, and the old English fancy for eating apple pie with cheese, an obsolete taste, nowadays, is another example of instinctive inclination, which science has approved. The sugar of a sweet apple, like most fruit sugars, is practically a predigested food, and is soon ready to pass into the blood to provide energy and warmth for the body. It is no exaggeration to say that the habitual use of apples will do much to prolong life and to ameliorate its conditions. In the Edda, the old Scandinavian saga, Iduna kept in a box, apples that she gave to the gods to eat, thereby to renew their youth. A French physician has found that the bacillus of typhoid fever cannot live long in apple juice, and therefore recommends doubtful drinking water to be mixed with cider. A glucoside in small crystals is obtainable from the bark and root of the apple, peach and plum, which is said to induce artificial diabetes in animals, and thus can be used in curing it in human beings. The original pomatum seems to date from Gerard’s days, when an ointment for roughness of the skin was made from apple pulp, swine’s grease, and rosewater. The astringent verjuice, rich in tannin, of the Crab, is helpful in chronic diarrhoea.The bark may be used in decoction for intermittent and bilious fevers.Cider in which horse-radish has been steeped has been found helpful in dropsy. Cooked apples make a good local application for sore throat in fevers, inflammation of the eyes, erysipelas.

Salajeet
Botanical name: Shilajit, Shilajit

Possess potent aphrodisiac properties, which help in improving and retaining male libido. Promotes enhanced sexual performance, pleasure, drive and arousal while keeping energy, vitality and vigor at optimal levels. Helps to increase the core-energy associated with sexual prowess. Helps in purifying blood, improves pancreatic function, prevents obesity, combats fatigue, fights hypertension, manage arthritis, stabilizes blood glucose levels, curb aging, and counteract debility.Helps in boosting the functions of the immune system. Aids in quick recovery from injuries and wounds by enhancing the mineral movement in bones, tissues and muscle. Helps in accelerating nucleic and protein acid metabolism, which stimulates the responses in the body and provides energy.Helps strengthen the body by efficiently taking care of the immune system, urinary tract, brain, bones and kidneys.Shilajit has been described as ‘mineral oil’, ‘stone oil’ or ‘rock sweat’, as it seeps from cracks in mountains due mostly to the warmth of the sun. There are many local legends and stories about its origin,Shilajit is a substance mainly found in the Altai, Himalaya, and Caucasus mountains of Central Asia. The color range varies from a yellowish brown to pitch-black, depending on composition.Once cleaned of impurities and extracted, shilajit is a homogeneous brown-black paste-like substance, with a glossy surface, a peculiar smell and bitter taste. Dry shilajit density ranges from 1.1 to 1.8 g/cm3. It has a plastic-like behavior, at a temperature lower than 20°C/68°F it will solidify and will soften when warmed. It easily dissolves in water without leaving any residue, and it will soften when worked between the fingers. Purified shilajit has an unlimited shelf life. It is still unclear whether shilajit has a geological or biological origin as it has numerous traces of vitamins and amino acids. A mumio-like substance from Antarctica was found to contain glycerol derivatives and was also believed to have medicinal properties.

Salib Misri Salib Panjah
Botanical name: Orchis mascula, early purple orchid

Antiflatulent
Astringent
Demulcent
Expectorant
Nutritive
Salep (see above for more details) is very nutritive, astringent, expectorant and demulcent. It has been used as a diet of special value for children and convalescents, being boiled with water, flavoured and prepared in the same way as arrowroot. Rich in mucilage, it forms a soothing and demulcent jelly that is used in the treatment of irritations of the gastro-intestinal canal.One part of salep to fifty parts of water is sufficient to make a jellyThe tuber, from which salep is prepared, should be harvested as the plant dies down after flowering and setting seed.

Salib Thomi
Botanical name: Orchis mascula/Orchis latifolia, Salep

It is a fruit , found near Quetta. Night fall, spermaturia, dribbling of semen is cured by it, it is very usefull medicine for such purpose. It has been used in Pakistan for many years. Good medicine for joint pain with some other medicines.

Samandar Sokh
Botanical name: Argyria Speciosa, Cuttlebone

In the past, cuttlebones were ground up to make polishing powder. The powder was added to toothpaste, and was also used as an antacid or as an absorbent.Today, cuttlebones are commonly used as calcium-rich dietary supplements for caged birds, chinchillas, hermit crabs, reptiles, and snails

To astringe and stop bleeding;
To control the essence and relieve leucorrhea.
To restrain hyperacidity and stop pain.
To promote healing of ulcers.
Indications & Combinations:

Hemorrhage. Cuttlefish bone is used with Rubia root, Carbonized petiole of windmill palm and Donkey hide gelatin . Cuttlefish bone can be used alone for bleeding due to external injuries.
Deficiency of the kidneys manifested as seminal emissions or leukorrhea. Cuttlefish bone is used with Dogwood fruit, Dioscorea, Dadder seed and Oyster shell.
Stomach pain and acid regurgitation. Cuttlefish bone is used with Tendrilled fritillary bulb in the formula Wu Bei San.
Eczema or chronic ulcers. Cuttlefish bone is used with Phellodendron bark and Natural indigo for external use in powder form.

Sandal Surkh
Botanical name: Pterocarpus santalinus, Red Sandalwood

Sandalwood has anti-bacterial trait and hence it is used as an herbal antiseptic. Hence, it is used for curing bruises, scotches and also burns.If any part of your skin gives you itching or burning sensation, make paste of sandalwood powder, turmeric powder and lemon juice and apply it on the affected area. It reduces not only the itch, but also the ruddiness caused due to it.Sandalwood oil is proved effective in moisturising dry skin.Swelling and itch caused by an insect bite can also be reduced by applying a paste of sandalwood powder.It works for

Digestive tract ailments.
Fluid retention.
Coughs.

Sandha- Goh
Botanical Name: TAILED LIZARD

It is called ‘gosht so shumar in Persian, leham ul zib in Arabic.
Its taste is slightly bitter, the appearance of is like it is type of ‘neola’ who’s size is around a cat and tail is long and strong.
It is dry and hot in temperament at the third grade.
The animal which replaces it in its qualities is INDIAN SPINY lizard.
Its meat produces the hotness in temperament at high levels.
With hotness it produces anger brutality.
Its feacal material is used to treat the web in the cornea and the tears of diseased type.
When is mixed with vinegar and poultice it removes the acne, skin marks and black spots on the skin.
The fat or oil of fat is drug of choice in unani system of medicine to treat sexual problems. It gives strength to the sexual ability. It produces the erection of penis at maximum levels.
It is not poisonous at all and used for several centuries in unani systems of medicine for making ‘tila’ and in oral medicine .

Sang e Pusht
Botanical name: TORTOISE SHELL

To replenish yin and pacify yang. Indications: Kidney yin insufficiency leading to hyperactive yang in deficiency conditions marked by hectic fever and night sweating, for which it is often prescribed along with cooked rehmannia, anemarrhena, and phellodendron, as in Da Buyin Wan. Late stages of febrile diseases with consumption of yin fluid and hyperactivity of deficiency wind marked by dizziness and convulsion. For such cases, it is often combined with oyster shell, turtle shell, and raw rehmannia.To nourish the kidney and strengthen the bones. Indicated for insufficiency of the liver and kidney marked by weakness of the lower back and limbs, weakness of the muscles and bones, and retarded and incomplete closure of the fontanel in infants, for which it is often combined with cooked rehmannia, achyranthes, and cynamorium. To strengthen the meridians and check bleeding. Indicated for yin deficiency and blood heat in women marked by menorrhagia or metrorrhagia, for which it is often prescribed along with ailanthus, peony, and scute. The treatment of flaccidity and weakness of loins and feet (alternatively described as weakness of the lower back and limbs) corresponds to treatment of heaviness and weakness in the limbs from the Shennong Bencao Jing; the treatment of uterine bleeding, corresponds to red leakage; and there is common mention of closure of the fontanel, connecting the ancient and modern uses. It is possible that the treatment of fever of deficiency type and treatment of malaria make reference to a common concern, since malarial fevers may have this appearance. However, most references to malarial fevers, both ancient and modern, do not indicate a yin-deficiency type syndrome.

Sang e Sarmahi
Botanical name: fish Otolith, otolith

The pearly white stone in this silver pendant is actually a fish otolith. Otoliths are calcium carbonate structures found in the heads of all fish species except sharks and rays, and are used for hearing and balance. Just like the rings in a tree trunk, the grooves in an otolith indicate the age of the fish that it came from. According to collectors these grooves, which are shaped like the letters ‘J’ and ‘L’, are also said to represent joy and love, or luck.Sometimes known as lucky stones or fish pearls, otoliths have been carried in the pockets of fishermen and sailors to keep them safe from storms, and found at ancient archaeological sites, suggesting that they have been of ritual use for millennia. They have also been used to treat many different medical conditions throughout the ages, from malaria and jaundice to urinary infections, kidney and bladder stones, and even nosebleeds. Otoliths continue to be used as treatments in some parts of the world today. In Brazil, fishermen boil these lucky stones to make a tea, which they drink in the belief that it will protect them from being stung by a fish. They also carry the stones in their pockets to ward off back pain. In Spain, otolith amulets are worn to protect against fever.Convulsions, Spasms, Tinnitus, Sinus infection, Hyperthyroidism, Hypertension, Post-stroke syndrome Otolith Tablets is based on the formulas used in modern clinical practice in China for treating spasms, convulsions, and other manifestations of internal wind when there is a phlegm-damp accumulation affecting the brain. The formula contains herbs for calming yang agitation and internal wind, such as prunella, haliotis, uncaria, earthworm, silkworm, and the small gecko). Acorus, arisaema, and plantago remove phlegm-damp accumulations. The formula is directed to the treatment of liver yang agitation causing dampness to rise and congest in the head. Manifestations of the accumulation could include thyroid mass, oral swellings, sinus congestion, glaucoma, tinnitus, brain swelling, cystic acne, or lipomas. Some of the herbs treat accompanying spasms or agitation, as may occur in cases.

Sankh Hulzoon
Botanical name: Conch

There are at least 10,000 different proteins that support the function of your cells, muscles, tissues and organs. Amino acids are the building blocks for protein. When you eat foods that contain protein, you’re providing your body with the amino acids it needs to make protein and use it properly. Conch is a complete protein, as are meat, eggs, milk and cheese, which means that it contains all of the essential amino acids you need.Stir chopped conch into soup or stew to add a burst of flavor, as well as protein and other key nutrients. Scatter cooked conch into a tossed green salad as a low-fat way to add protein. Combine diced conch with minced carrots, celery and onions. Add beaten egg, flour and hot sauce. Form the mixture into patties and saute them in canola oil on both sides until brown. For a simple preparation, add a squirt of lemon juice and a sprinkle of black pepper to cooked conch.

Sankha Holi
Botanical name: Canscora decussata, Cansjan-cora

The herb is known to boost metabolic rates and treat
Nervous disorders.
It is a nervine tonic useful in nervous debility, insanity, epilepsy and improves memory.
It acts as an alterative
laxative
And helps in treating scrofula
As a blood purifier used to treat syphilis,gonorrhea, and blood disorder.
Used to treat heamoroids
It has laxative action
Treat diabetes
Used in eye disorder
Improve memory
Used to treat spermatorrhea and pre mature ejaculation.

Sankhaiya ,Sam -ul-Faar
Botanical name: Arsenic

It is used in a highly diluted form for a variety of disorders where immune stimulation is required.but chiefly used in fevers alone or combined with other substances.It is used in chronic cases of dirrhoea,with anasarca,fever,ague,remittent fevers with shivering ,malaria, anaemia ,diabetes, psoriases, enlarged lymphatic glands,obesity,chorea,neuralgia,coryza, In Bronchitis,asthma,sciatica,and backache also As blood purifier used to treat in leprosy, syphilis, lecuderma and other diseases of skin due to blood disorder.Used in ointments for chronic skin ailments and as corrosive to dry haemorrhoids.

Sapistan
Botanical name: Cordia obliqua, LASSORA

The fruits of lassora can be used as an expectorant and are effective in treating the diseases of the lungs. In the raw condition, they contain a gum which can be used beneficially in gonorrhea.The fruits are also useful in treating coughs, the diseases of the chest, and chronic fever. They lessen thirst and the scalding of the urine, remove pain from the joints and the burning of the throat and are also effective in treating the diseases of the spleen. The fruits are also used as a demulcent in southern Iran.

Saqmonia
Botanical name: Convolvulus scammonia, Scammony

Scammony is a drastic cathartic, closely allied in its operation to Jalap; though not so nauseous, it is more active and irritating, and in inflammatory conditions of the alimentary canal should not be used.The root itself is seldom used: the resin prepared from it is generally combined with other cathartics to diminish its action and prevent griping.A resin is obtained from the root. The earth is cleared away from the top of the root, the top is then cut off obliquely about 5cm below the point where the stalks spring forth. The exuding juice is collected, which gradually hardens. This resin is a drastic cathartic and hydrogogue and should beused with great caution. The roots contain about 8% resinIn large doses orally and as,suppository act as abortificient in prescribed doses, Regarded as effective in drpsy,apoplexy,and chronic constipation.

Saras
Botanical name: Albizia lebbeck, Woman’s tongues Tree

relieves inflammation
relieves herpes, spreading skin disease
relieves cold and cough
brings about quick wound healing
Useful in treating poisoning
Good for skin, improves complexion
Useful in skin diseases
relieves itching, pruritis
detoxifies skin
useful in Asthma, COPD, wheezing, breathing difficulty.

Sarphoka,Jhana Boti,Mairo
Sarphoka,Jhana Boti,Mairo

Sat Leemo, Tatri
Botanical name: Tartaric acid

While it is readily used by many different industries for a plethora of reasons, it is also lauded for its health benefits. The acid is said to act as both an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory which can help bolster the immune system and promote overall wellness. More specified uses of the acid include improving glucose tolerance and lowering overall glucose levels proving itself useful for individuals sensitive to glucose. Finally, it is said to aid digestion as it helps to improve intestinal absorption. This is said to dramatically increase the rate at which quality nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream from consumed foods.It is Antioxidant, Food Additive, Induces Vomiting.

Satawar
Botanical name: Asparagus racemosus, Satavar

Shatavari root is a superb tonic for the female reproductive system as it tones and cleanses the uterus. It is renowned as the foremost herb for the gynecological balancing of the female menstrual cycle. It cools the symptoms of inflammation during menstruation & menopause,increases fertility and reduces emotional irritability.Shatavari is a gynaecological tonic which brings balance to the female menstrual cycle. It effectively treats both dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia and brings regularity to feminine rhythms in a completely natural way. It’s tonic effects also target the nerves and reduce symptoms of emotional irritability, abdominal cramping and headaches. Shatavari benefits all stages of life and can support the transitions from puberty to adulthood to motherhood and into the post-menopausal age. At youth it promotes healthy menstruation, in adulthood it increases fertility and prevents miscarriage, in motherhood it supports lactation, and cools hot flashes and inflammation during menopause. Shatavari powder has the unique ability to increase female fertility by cooling the uterus and vaginal inflammation making it ideal for women who choose to give birth later in life. Shatavari benefits male and female sexual dysfunction and reproductive problems by increasing sperm count in men and sexual arousal in women .Other Indications: ulcers, insomnia, urinary issues.

Seabuck Thorn
Botanical Name: Hippophae

Heart and blood vessel disease (cardiovascular disease). Developing research in China suggests that taking 10 mg of a particular sea buckthorn extract three times daily for 6 weeks lowers cholesterol, reduces chest pain, and improves heart function in people with heart disease.Liver disease (cirrhosis). There is some evidence that taking sea buckthorn extract might reduce liver enzymes and other chemicals in the blood that indicate liver problems.Digestive tract infection. Some research shows that taking 28 grams of sea buckthorn berries daily in frozen puree for 90 days does not significantly prevent digestive tract infection. Common cold. Preliminary clinical research shows that taking 28 grams of sea buckthorn berries daily in frozen puree for 90 days does not significantly prevent the common cold or make symptoms go away faster.Dry eye. Some early clinical research shows that taking a specific sea buckthorn product decreases feelings of eye redness and burning.

Arthritis.
Stomach and intestinal ulcers.
Aging.
Cough.

Seeka Kai
Botanical name: Acacia Concinna, concinna

The fruit is known in India as shikakai “fruit for hair” in its use as a traditional shampoo. In order to prepare it the fruit pods, leaves and bark of the plant are dried, ground into a powder, then made into a paste. While this traditional shampoo does not produce the normal amount of lather that a sulfate-containing shampoo would, it is considered a good cleanser. It is mild, having a naturally low pH, and doesn’t strip hair of natural oils. Usually no conditioner is needed, for shikakai also acts as a detangler.An infusion of the leaves has been used in anti-dandruff preparations. concinna extracts are used in natural shampoos or hair powders and the tree is now grown commercially in India and Far East Asia.The plant parts used for the dry powder or the extract are the bark, leaves or pods. The bark contains high levels of saponins, which are foaming agents found in several other plant species used as shampoos or soaps. Saponin-containing plants have a long history of use as mild cleaning agents. Saponins from the plant’s pods have been traditionally used as a detergent.

Sena Makki
Botanical name: Cassia Angustifolia, Senna

Senna is an herb. The leaves and the fruit of the plant are used to make medicine.Senna is an FDA-approved nonprescription laxative. It is used to treat constipation and also to clear the bowel before diagnostic tests such as colonoscopy. Senna is also used for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), hemorrhoids, and weight loss.Senna fruit seems to be gentler than senna leaf. This has led the American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) to warn against long-term use of senna leaf, but not senna fruit. The AHPA recommends that senna leaf products be labeled, “Do not use this product if you have abdominal pain or diarrhea. Consult a healthcare provider prior to use if you are pregnant or nursing. Discontinue use in the event of diarrhea or watery stools. Do not exceed recommended dose. Not for long-term use.”

Shahtra
Botanical name: Fumaria indica, Indian Fumitory

The plant is sold under the name pitpapra in Ayurvedic bazaars. It is also used in the Unani system of medicine and incorporated into trifala shahtara. Indian Fumitory is used in aches and pains, diarrhoea, fever, influenza and liver complaints. The herb mixed with honey mar be taken internally to prevent vomiting. A cold infusion of the plant is used to treat wasting diseases of children and to help cooling during fever and in the treatment of constipation and dyspepsia. It is used as a blood purifier for skin diseases and applied externally in leucoderma and as a fomentation for swollen joints. The dried plant is also used as an anthelmintic, diuretic and diaphoretic and, in combination with black pepper, for jaundice.

Shair – Lion
Botanical Name: Lion

It is a drug of choice for male sexual disorders.
It called ‘gosh shair’ in Persian, leham ul asad in Arabic.
Its color is red, the taste is malicious and dry. It is famous for sexual diseases.
It s temperament is dry and hot in nature.
There are many benefits of it like it make the man brave but it is difficult to digest.
Its fat and oil of fat is poultice on the back and groins, its paste is applied on the penis, testes and anus to produce vigor and vitality in male sexual organ. It is used to treat scrofula.
Then it is also used to treat the inflammations and to reduce them.
The hair of its mustaches is found to be poisonous for humans.

Shaljam
Botanical name: Brassica rapa, white turnip

Turnip leaves are sometimes eaten as “turnip greens” (“turnip tops” in the UK), and they resemble mustard greens in flavor. Turnip greens are a common side dish in southeastern US cooking, primarily during late fall and winter.Turnip roots weigh up to about one kilogram, although they can be harvested when smaller. Size is partly a function of variety and partly a function of the length of time the turnip has grown.Most baby turnips can be eaten whole, including their leaves.Pliny the Elder considered the turnip one of the most important vegetables of his day, rating it “directly after cereals or at all events after the bean, since its utility surpasses that of any other plant”. Pliny praised it as a source of fodder for farm animals, noting that this vegetable is not particular about the type of soil it grows in and that – because it can be left in the ground until the next harvest – it “prevents the effects of famine” for humans. In Iran, boiled turnip-roots (with salt) are a common household remedy for cough and cold. In the Punjab and Kashmir regions of India and Pakistan turnips are used in variety of dishes, most notably shab-daig.

Shangraf
Botanical name: Bar ginna

It is a medicine of hot temper.
It is used in ointments.
It relieves the bleedings of wounds.
It is poultice on the wounds or affected organ.
Useful medicine of gonorrhea and syphilis.
It is dessicative, resolvent, energetic and tonic for nerves and sexual organs.
Also used to treat the facial paralysis, joint pain, cold and cough, leprosy and phelagmatic cough.

Sheet Raj Hindi
Botanical name: Plumbago zeylanica, Leadwort

Plant extracts have shown potent mosquito larvicidal activity against the larvae of Aedes aegypti while showing no toxicity to fish.
Hexane extracts of Plumbago zeylanica have shown activity against canine distemper virus.
Hexane extract of plumbago zeylanicaPlumbagin shows Antimicrobial activity.
Methanol extract of plumbago zeylanica Positive inotropic activity.
Enzymatic spectrum of herbal Plants Plumbago Linn.
Bioactive spectra of Plumbagin.
methanol extract of plumbago zeylanica shows effect on root- knot nematode Meloidogyne.

Shesham
Botanical name: Dalbergia Sissoo, dalbergia sissoo

Indian rosewood lumber has much broader benefits than the average timber species. More than that, it is also a valuable medicinal plant, an ornamental tree, and a special spice. Medicinally dalbergia sissoo leaves, trunk, and roots are helpful to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic injury, bronchitis, stomach pain, hernia pain, coronary heart disease, and so on. According to the statistics, it is the main ingredient of dozens of Chinese patent medicines, such as compound danshen injection, tablet for promoting coronary circulation, Guanxin Danshen capsule, etc. And all its medicinal uses can be justified by its pharmacology as follows.

Simaq Dana
Simaq Dana

Singhara
Botanical name: Trapa natans, water caltrop

Water caltrop normally breeds in still or lightly flowing water. Due to this character of the plant, high level of toxins is formed in the seeds (the only edible portion). Hence, the singharas are cooked by roasting the raw fruit, to burn the toxins and we see the green fruit black, when it reaches our hands.Singharas are sweet and heavy, both. It also cures the phlegm in the body and eliminates inflammations, blood impurities and also help in curing diarrhea. It is very energetic and drives away tiredness and checks the flow of blood from the wounds. The juice extracted from water caltrops is very nutritious.Water caltrops are effective and natural assistance available to mothers for breast feeding their new born. Singhara flour is used to make sweets and puris; the flour is allowable during ‘vrats’, fasting.Nutrition & Health Benefits of Water CaltropA perfect fruit for those who want healthy life; Water Caltrops are almost fatless and are therefore a healthy food option; an excellent source of potassium (350-360 mg), a very important mineral for human and an ideal fruit for diabetics.When taken in juice form, it can help ease problems of Nausea and Appetite in kids, detoxifying properties of water caltrops are considered to be good for person suffering from Jaundice, while in powdered form singhara is a remedy for cough, if taken twice a day with water.

Sirkah Angoori
Botanical name: Grape Vinegar , Vitis vinifera

Cures Hypertension, Diabetes, Uric acid,
Dissolves extra fat and acts as blood thinner
Regulates bowel movement: helps in digestion
Cures stomach ulcers and acidity
Detoxifies the body and cleanses the stomach, liver and spleen
Heals swelling
Prevents infectious diseases (cancer, HIV, TB etc.) and fungal infections
Helps in chest congestion
Strengthens immune system
Gives relief from gum swelling, Pyuria, foul smell, mouth ulcers
Effective as a hair conditioner
Grape vinegar, like red wine, is rich in polyphenols. These substances are powerful antioxidants that can help to protect you against damage by free radical molecules. Free radicals have been implicated in a number of chronic conditions including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and inflammatory conditions. The darker the vinegar, the higher the antioxidant content.

Sodium Benzoate
Botanical name: Sodium benzoate, Sodium benzoate

Sodium benzoate is synthesized by combining benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide. Sodium benzoate does not occur naturally, but when it is mixed with water it produces benzoic acid, which can be found naturally in certain fruits such as plums, cranberries and apples. In the food industry, sodium benzoate is used in foods with an acidic pH such as pickles and salad dressings, in carbonated beverages, and in some fruit juice products.

Sodium Chloride Namak Toaam
Botanical Name: Sodium Chloride

Sodium chloride is an ionic compound found in various foods and medical treatments. More commonly referred to as “salt” or “table salt,” sodium chloride is used as a seasoning in many foods.Medically, sodium chloride solutions are used in catheter flush injections or intravenous infusions, and for cleaning objects such as contact lenses in the form of saline. Sodium chloride inhalation can remove certain bacteria in body secretions.

Sohanj Nah
Botanical name: Moringa pterygosperma , Drumstick

Because of its high calcium content, Drumstick strengthens bones.It is also an anti-inflammatory, which is beneficial in treating joint aches and pains related to arthritis and rheumatism.Rich in vitamins and minerals, it increases the body’s immunity, provides nourishment to the eyes and brain, promotes proper digestion and supports optimal metabolic function.

Som Kalpa
Botanical name: Ephedra distachya, Ephedra

It is used to relieve acute muscular and rheumatic pains (when it is called teamsters’ tea), as a stimulant, and in the cardio tonics in Ayurveda. It is sometimes identified with the legendary drug soma, as described in the Avesta and the Rig Veda, the respective ancient sacred texts of the Zoroastrian and Hindu faiths.Ephedrine, an alkaloid, is obtained from its dried branches and is used as a stimulant, often to control asthma. It was isolated from the plant by Nagayoshi Nagai in 1885. All parts of the plant contain up to 3% ephedrine.

Sonaa Patha
Botanical name: Oroxylum indicum, midnight horror

The Oroxylum indicum seed is used in the traditional Indian ayurvedic medicine. The root bark is also used, administered as astringent, bitter tonic, stomachic and anodyne. It is included in famous tonic formulations, such as Chyawanprash.The bark of O. indicum or Cortex Oroxyli is a traditional Chinese medicine ingredient.The bark of O. indicum is one of main ingredients in Sri Lankan indigenous medicine (in decoctions) as a remedy for pains in joints or rheumatism.

Sounf Badyan
Botanical name: Foeniculum vulgare, Fennel

Fennel is widely employed as a carminative, both in humans and in veterinary medicine (e.g., dogs), to treat flatulence by encouraging the expulsion of intestinal gas. Anethole is responsible for the carminative action. It also serves as a mild laxative.Fennel can be made into a syrup to treat babies with colic (formerly thought to be due to digestive upset), but long-term ingestion of fennel preparations by babies is a known cause of the larche.In the Indian subcontinent, fennel seeds are also eaten raw, sometimes with some sweetener, as they are said to improve eyesight. Ancient Romans regarded fennel as the herb of sight. Root extracts were often used in tonics to clear cloudy eyes. Extracts of fennel seed have been shown in animal studies to have a potential use in the treatment of glaucoma.Fennel may be an effective diuretic and a potential drug for treatment of hypertension. Historical anecdotes suggest that fennel is a galactagogue, improving the milk supply of a breastfeeding mother. This use, although not supported by direct evidence, is sometimes justified by the fact that fennel is a source of phytoestrogens, which promote growth of breast tissue. However, normal lactation does not involve growth of breast tissue. Two case reports resulted in illness for the newborn child: Both mothers had been drinking more than 2 liters daily of an herbal tea mixture reportedly containing licorice, fennel, anise, and Galega officinalis. The authors attributed the maternal and infant symptoms to anethole, which is found in both fennel and anise; however, the anethole levels were not measured in breastmilk, nor were the teas tested for their content. Symptoms resolved in the children after their mothers discontinued the teas.

Soy Tukham Shabit
Botanical Name: Anethum Savakatz, Dill

Dill is a plant that has a long history as a culinary spice. But it has also been used as a magic weapon and a medicine. During the Middle Ages, people used dill to defend against witchcraft and enchantments. More recently, people have used dill seeds and the parts of the plant that grow above the ground as medicine.Dill is used for digestion problems including loss of appetite, intestinal gas (flatulence), liver problems, and gallbladder complaints. It is also used for urinary tract disorders including kidney disease and painful or difficult urination.Other uses for dill include treatment of fever and colds, cough,bronchitis, hemorrhoids, infections, spasms, nerve pain, genital ulcers, menstrual cramps, and sleep disorders.Dill seed is sometimes applied to the mouth and throat for pain and swelling (inflammation).In foods, dill is used as a culinary spice.

Soybean
Botanical name: Glycine max, soybean

Tituting saturated fat sources with unsaturated fats may help lower your cholesterol levels. Elevated serum cholesterol levels lead to atherosclerosis and the increased risk for heart disease. The National Soybean Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois says the oil derived from soybeans contains no cholesterol and is a source of polyunsaturated fat. Soybean oil is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including the two essential fatty acids called linoleic acid and linolenic acid. These two essential fatty acids are precursors to hormones that regulate smooth muscle contractions and blood pressure. Because your heart is a muscle, there is significance in this health benefit. Soybeans are a source of soluble fiber, which can help lower cholesterol levels and potentially reduce the risk for heart disease.Soybeans are a source of insoluble fiber, which adds bulk to stools and helps waste pass quickly through the digestive tract. According to the Mayo Clinic, a high-fiber diet normalizes bowel movements and promotes digestive health. Adding soybeans to your diet may prevent colon cancer, diverticular disease, constipation and hemorrhoids. Supports Bone Density and Ease Symptoms of Menopause.Soybeans have a high concentration of calcium, which is a mineral crucial to bone health. Soybeans contain isoflavones, which are substances that have a chemical structure very similar to estrogen. Isoflavonesinfo says isoflavones can interfere as well as activate the activity of your own estrogen. During menopause, when estrogen levels drop, isoflavones bind to the estrogen receptors in cells and ease the symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes. The isoflavones in soybeans increase bone density in women and offer protection against osteoporosis.

Starch Araroot
Botanical name: Starch

Starch is processed to produce many of the sugars in processed foods. Dissolving starch in warm water gives wheatpaste, which can be used as a thickening, stiffening or gluing agent. The biggest industrial non-food use of starch is as adhesive in the papermaking process. Starch can be applied to parts of some garments before ironing, to stiffen them.In the pharmaceutical industry, starch is also used as an excipient, as tablet disintegrant or as binder.

Sufaidah
Botanical Name: Eucalyptus , Eucalyptus obliqua

Eucalyptus oil is readily steam distilled from the leaves and can be used for cleaning and as an industrial solvent, as an antiseptic, for deodorising, and in very small quantities in food supplements, especially sweets, cough drops, toothpaste and decongestants. It has insect repellent properties, and is an active ingredient in some commercial mosquito repellents . Eucalyptus globulus is the principal source of eucalyptus oil worldwide. producing oil that can be used for cleaning and as a natural insecticide, or an ability to be used to drain swamps and thereby reduce the risk of malaria. Outside their natural ranges, eucalypts are both lauded for their beneficial economic impact on poor populations and criticised for being “water-guzzling” aliens, leading to controversy over their total impact.

Sugar
Botanical name: Sugar

Sugar cane and sugar beets are the common sources of this pentiful sweetener, which also lends tenderness to doughs, stability to mixtures, browning properties to baked goods and perservative qualities in large quantities. Granulated or white sugar is the common form, though superfine (known as castor) dissolves better in baking. Confectioner’s or powdered sugar is often used decoratively, as are sugar crystals or decorating suar. Brown sugar is simply white sugar combined with molasses, not be be confused with raw sugar, the residue left after sugarcane has been processed ro remove the molasses and refine the sugar crystals. It is used as preservative in medicine systems of unani, homeo and ayuveda.

Sumbul ut Teeb
Botanical name: Valeriana officinalis, Valerian

Valerian is most often used to treat insomnia. It can be considered an alternative treatment for hypnotic drugs. It is also sometimes used as an alternative for sedatives, such as benzodiazepines in the treatment of certain anxiety disorders.Whether or not valerian is an efficacious treatment for insomnia is still a very open question. Multiple recent systematic reviews of the medical research literature and meta-analyses have produced conflicting conclusions regarding the efficacy of the substance.In the United States, valerian is sold as a nutritional supplement. Therapeutic use has increased as dietary supplements have gained in popularity, especially after the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act was passed in 1994. This law allowed the distribution of many agents as over-the-counter supplements and therefore allowed them to bypass the regulatory requirements of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).In addition to being used for the treatment of insomnia and other sleep disorders, valerian has also been used to treat anxiety and gastrointestinal pain caused by irritable bowel syndrome. It has also been used in alternative medicine to treat symptoms such as nervous tension, excitability, and stress as well as intestinal colic or cramps and as a muscle relaxant.

Sundal
Botanical name: Santalum album, Indian sandalwood

Sandalwood home remedies for beauty care involve the application of a paste prepared from half teaspoon each of sandalwood powder and turmeric, water (enough to form a paste).It helps reduce acne. Acne scars can be removed by regularly applying a mixture of sandalwood powder, coconut oil and lime juice (taken in equal parts). Leave the paste on skin overnight.When dealing with pimples, boils, or psoriasis, boil three cups of water mixed with a teaspoon of sandalwood powder. When the liquid reduces to half, mix some rose water and sugar in it. Drink this solution three times in a day.Sandalwood benefits in getting rid of greasy skin when it is mixed with equal amounts of fuller’s earth and rose water. Leave the mask on face for about half an hour and then wash it off.Applying a combination of sandalwood powder and rose water serves as an easy natural cure for excessive sweating. This sandalwood remedy lightens skin color as well. Mixture of sandalwood, water, lemon, yogurt and rose water helps reduce blemishes.Mix some plain water or rose water in sandalwood powder to for a paste. Take one teaspoon of this mixture and add a teaspoon of camphor (Kapoor) in it. Smear this paste on the affected areas to cure eczema.Applying sandal paste mixed with crushed holy basil leaves (Tulsi) relieves headache. Dilute sandalwood oil applied on forehead can cure headaches caused by heat.

Supari
Botanical name: Areca catechu, areca nut

Areca is a plant. The nut is used to make medicine. Areca nut is chewed alone or in the form of quids, a mixture of tobacco, powdered or sliced areca nut, and slaked lime wrapped in the leaf of “betel” vine (Piper betel).Areca is used for treatment of a mental disorder called schizophrenia and an eye disorder called glaucoma; as a mild stimulant; and as a digestive aid.Some people use areca as a recreational drug because it speeds up the central nervous system (CNS).In veterinary medicine, an extract of areca is used for expelling tapeworms in cattle, dogs, and horses; to empty animals’ bowels; and for treating intestinal colic in horses.Schizophrenia. Developing evidence suggests that areca might be helpful for schizophrenia. Some patients with schizophrenia who chew areca nut seem to have less severe symptoms.Glaucoma. Aiding in digestion.Other conditions.

Suranjan Shirin
Botanical name: Colchicum autumnale, naked lady

Colchicum in small doses is stimulant, increasing the secretions of the skin, kidneys, liver, and bowels. Epigastric heat, eructations, and a sense of nausea accompany the administration of a large dose or several moderate doses. If the medicine be continued a coated tongue, anorexia, colicky pains, intestinal gurgling, and diarrhoea may result. Large doses occasion bilious vomiting, colic, tenesmus, and bloody mucoid evacuations, accompanied with anal heat. Toxic doses act as an acronarcotic poison, producing violent gastro-intestinal symptoms much like those of cholera-headache, vomiting, griping pain in the bowels, diarrhoea, painful cramps of the muscles and feet, collapse, decreased circulation, and death, probably from cardiac syncope. Colchicine is a powerful poison, and should rarely be used. Medicinally, colchicum is sedative, cathartic, diuretic, and emetic. Used in gout and gouty rheumatism, dropsy, palpitation of the heart, gonorrhoea, enlarged prostate, etc. Care must be had in its employment. It sometimes increases the uric acid in the urine of arthritic patients; and has been beneficially employed in febrile, inflammatory, and nervous affections, and in chronic bronchial complaints. Equal parts of tincture of colchicum and laudanum have been found efficient in some cases of gonorrhoea. The reputation of colchicum rests most largely upon its value in gout and the conditions hinging upon a gouty diathesis. It is, perhaps, better adapted to acute than chronic gout. By its eliminative powers it removes from the system the morbid material upon which the gout depends. As a rule many of the failures to remedy this condition have been due to the fact that too large doses of colchicum have been employed. The dose will vary, however, some cases requiring larger doses than others, but in all cases the administration should be short of producing a free action from the bowels, the best effects being obtained from its slow and silent action. As a remedy for rheumatism it has been less employed. In cardiac rheumatism it may be alternated with the alkalies where the latter are indicated. The wine of colchicum may be given in 10-drop doses, or drop doses of specific colchicum may be given every 4 hours. As a rheumatism remedy it acts equally well in the acute and chronic conditions, provided the temperature and pulse be first brought almost to normal by means of other agents. Tearing muscular pain is the indication for it. It is efficient in rheumatic iritis and in chronic rheumatism when there is effusion into the joints and tearing pain aggravated by heat, and the joints present a swollen condition. Dysmenorrhoea and hepatic enlargements are also remedied by it when associated with a gouty diathesis. Large doses should never be used, and the action of the drug should always be carefully watched. Prof. Scudder employed small doses for intestinal disturbances with gaseous accumulation, as in colic from intestinal irritation. It has been used in sub acute and chronic sciatica where the pain is “sharp-shooting, tearing, or dull-aching” from back to hip and down the leg, fever being absent.

Taal Makhana
Botanical name: Asteracantha Longifolia

The seeds extract of Asteracantha longifolia shows androgenic as well as improvement of sexual behaviour of rat in dose dependent manner. Also a significant increase in the sperm count as well as fructose levels of seminal vesicles was noted .Asteracantha longifolia extract showed very noticeable anabolic effects in treated animals, which was evident by gains in the body and reproductive organ weights.

Tabasheer
Botanical name: Bambosa Spinosa, Tabasheer

Likely candidates are found by shaking bamboo stems, which can make the mineralized tabasheer inside produce a rattling sound. These stems are split open to extract the tabasheer.Although a part of the ancient Ayurvedic system of medicine, it has been postulated that the use of tabasheer originated in the Adivasi aboriginal tribes of India. Tabasheer was extensively exported from India for thousands of years, including through Arab traders during the medieval period. The town of Thane, close to the west coast of India, was famous as a clearing center for tabasheer in the twelfth century CE.

Taiz Paat SAZAJ HINDI
Botanical name: Cinnamomum Tamala, Cinnamon Leaves

Cinnamon leaf oil has antiseptic, analgesic, antispasmodic, antibiotic, astringent, carminative, aphrodisiac, cardiac and other benefits. It can be used to treat general pain, respiratory tract infections, rheumatism and arthritis. Feelings of exhaustion and depression can be eased by using this essential oil. Menstrual pains could be reduced since cinnamon leaf oil stimulates our glandular system. Cinnamon oil has been used in traditional medicine to ease symptoms of a toothache. Even to this day, it is often mixed in breath fresheners, mouthwashes and chewing gum. Eugenol present in cinnamon leaf oil reduces gastric problems like nausea, diarrhea and upset stomach. Cinnamon leaf essential oil is used for its aphrodisiac properties in aromatherapy. It can relieve symptoms of impotence and increase sexual function in both women and men. Inhaling cinnamon oil blended with other essential oils is said to have a aphrodisiac effect. Cinnamon leaf oil could act as an antibacterial agent and help with digestion. It could fight against harmful bacteria that cause infection. Production of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine could be improved and it could also help balance brain chemicals and improve mental health by easing symptoms of anxiety, mental tension, nervousness and depression. Cinnamon leaves have a wonderful flavor and is often used to make baked and sweet dishes. They are a popular flavoring agent of porridges – especially cornmeal porridge – in Jamaica. Cinnamon leaves are used to make herbal teas that are helpful with weight loss.

Tamar Hindi-Imli
Botanical name: Tamarindus indica, Tamarind

Tamarind is a tree. Its partially dried fruit is used to make medicine.People take tamarind for constipation, liver and gallbladder problems, and stomach disorders. It is also used to treat colds and fever. Women sometimes use tamarind to treat pregnancy-related nausea. It is given to children to treat intestinal worms.Sometimes a thick paste of tamarind seeds is used as a cast for broken bones.An extract of tamarind seeds is used in eye drops for dry eyes.In foods and beverages, tamarind is used as flavoring. It is also widely used in Asian cooking for chutneys and curries.Dry eyes. Developing research shows that eye drops containing tamarind seed extract might improve symptoms of dry eye.

Constipation.
Colds.
Fever.
Liver and gallbladder problems.
Stomach disorders.
Pregnancy-related nausea.
Intestinal worms.
Other conditions.

Tara Meera
Botanical name: Eruca sativa, Rocket

Its strong peppery leaves are used in salads and cooked with other cuisines.
In some parts of the world, it is been added to cheese burek.
In Italy arugula leaves are used in pizzas.
Its other culinary usage comes in salads, meat, vegetables, soups, pizza topping and in pasta.

Thymol Sat Ajwain
Botanical name: Carum copticum,Thymol

Thymol oil contains active ingredients that serve as an expectorant for patients suffering from the chronic disease. Due to the excessive fluid found in the chest and lungs, patients with bronchitis will experience bouts of violent coughing. However, thymol can help break down the mucus found in the body, making each cough more effective in clearing the air pathways. thymol can also be used as a powerful antiseptic. Thymol can be found in many mouthwashes and other dental products due to the herb’s natural ability to fight tooth decay and infection while also offsetting the effects of gum disease or bad breath. rinsing for 30 seconds with a thymol mouthwash solution can help treat mouth bacteria that can lead to other medical complications. Before choosing thymol solutions as a means to treat any dental disorder.

Till Kunjad
Botanical name: Sesamum indicum, Sesame seeds

Seeds are full of zinc, an essential mineral for producing collagen and giving skin more elasticity. Zinc also helps damaged tissues in the body to repair. Sesame oil is also known to sooth burns and prevent skin related disorders.Sesame seeds offer 4.7 grams of protein per ounce, giving them a perfect place in a high-protein vegetarian diet.One of the most prominent benefits of sesame seeds and sesame oil revolves around removing dental plaque and boosting oral health. By engaging in an activity known as oil pulling, which involves swishing oil around in your mouth, you can boost oral health and even whiten your teeth.As the above study concludes, sesame oil has been shown to lower blood pressure in hypertensive diabetics. Additionally, magnesium has been shown to help lower blood pressure – and sesame seeds are loaded with magnesium.Further adding to the health benefits of sesame seeds, sesame seed oil can boost heart health by preventing atherosclerotic lesions. An antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound known as sesamol, which also harnesses anti-atherogenic properties, is thought to be one reason for the beneficial effects. In addition to promoting healthy skin, zinc has also been shown to boost bone mineral density and bone health as a whole.Sesame seeds are rich in fiber, which is known to pave way for a healthy digestive system and a healthy colon.A mineral that is important for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant enzyme systems, copper is known for reducing pain and swelling associated with arthritis. Additionally, this mineral helps provide strength to blood vessels, bones, and joints.Thanks to the magnesium, sesame seeds are able to prevent asthma by and other respiratory disorders by preventing airway spasms.

Tiloon Ka Tail
Botanical name: Sesame oil

Sesame oil is reputed to penetrate the skin easily and is used in India for oil massage. Sesame oil (Til Tel) is specially used for massaging as it is believed to rid the body of heat due to its viscous nature upon rubbing. It is also used for hair and scalp massage. Sesame oil is used in the manufacture of Ayurvedic drugs. It is also used in many cosmetic applications, including as a carrier oil.

Tinkaar Sohaga
Botanical name: Sodium borate, Borax

Borax protects against the accumulation of fluorides in the body; is effective as an antidote in fluoride toxicity; and can remove fluorides from the body.Borax is toxic to insects, parasites, protozoa and bacteria.Effective against moulds and fungi, internally and externally.Stimulates the production of hormones, stabilises estrogen, assists with insulin use and blood glucose control, triglyceride use and production of reactive oxygen. With boron sufficiency, blood serum triglyceride levels are significantly lower. Estrogen replacement therapy may not be necessary.Promotes healing of wounds.Reduction and control of inflammation. Aphrodisiac for men and women. .Boron stimulates the production of testosterone (and normalises oestrogen.Stabiliser of calcium, copper and magnesium levels, inhibits calcification. Boron sufficiency normalises calcium levels, preventing both abnormal calcium deposition and bone weakness. Boron sufficiency inhibits the concentration of copper in the bones and prevents loss of bone.

Todri Sufaid
Botanical name: Lepidium iberis

It is good tonic if libido is lacking.
It increases the brest milk after parturition.
It used to gain weight.
In cases of old and dry cough it is beneficial.
It clears the lungs from the excessive phleghm.
It is used as poultice in skin to resolve the inflammations.

Todri Surkh
Botanical name: Erysimum cheiri, Wallflower

Wallflower was formerly used mainly as a diuretic and emmenagogue but recent research has shown that it is more valuable for its effect on the heart. In small doses it is a cardiotonic, supporting a failing heart in a similar manner to foxglove (Digitalis purpurea). In more than small doses, however, it is toxic and so is seldom used in herbal medicine. The flowers and stems are antirheumatic, antispasmodic, cardiotonic, emmenagogue, nervine, purgative and resolvent. They are used in the treatment of impotence and paralysis. The essential oil is normally used. This should be used with caution because large doses are toxic. The plant contains the chemical compound cheiranthin which has a stronger cardiotonic action than digitalis (obtained from Digitalis species). If taken in large doses this is very poisonous and so this plant should not be used medicinally without expert supervision. The seeds are aphrodisiac, diuretic, expectorant, stomachic and tonic. They are used in the treatment of dry bronchitis, fevers and injuries to the eyes.

Tukham e kasoos
Botanical name: Cuscuta europaea , Cuscuta (dodder)

Dodder is an herb. People use the parts that grow above the ground to make medicine.
Dodder is used to treat urinary tract, spleen, and hepatic disorders.
Useful in
Bladder problems.
Liver problems.
Spleen problems.
the damage caused by reactive oxygen species, ROS, to human sperm and the mechanism by which Cuscuta japonica can treat male infertility.
Alopecia, or hair loss, is an androgen-driven psychologically distressing condition

Tukham Qanib
Botanical name: Cannabis sativa, indian hemp

It is used in cases of Constipation and benificial for Massage Oils .it is Analgesic, Antispasmodic ,Aphrodisiac, Meditation, Cannabis Sativa strains provide a cerebral, energetic ‘high’ effect which is experienced in the mind as well as in the body. These strains are most effective for the treatment of nausea, appetite stimulation, migraine headaches, depression, chronic pain and similar symptoms.Cannabis Indica strains generally create a sedative, ‘stoned’ feeling. This sensation tends to be centred in the body, which relaxes as muscle tension is reduced. Indicas are most effective in treating muscle spasms and tremors (for example caused by multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease), chronic pain, arthritic and rheumatic stiffness and swelling, insomnia, anxiety and related conditions.

Tukham Sanbhalo
Botanical name: Vitex negundo, five-leaved chaste tree

Properties of Vitex negundo as a medicinal plant include antihistamine, antioxidant, and anticonvulsant uses. It also produces pain relief similar to aspirin and morphine in animal tests. This plant has been used for hundred of years in India and in the Philippines, where the health department endorsed its use as an herbal medicine.The leaves, root, and fruit showed antihistamine benefits that might relax bronchial muscles and reduce asthma symptoms. The studies also found anti-inflammatory properties that may treat arthritis and rheumatism. Researchers discovered extracts of this plant did not cause stomach damage in rats even when toxic doses were administered.The leaves produce a cooling effect that eases pain and swelling. The juice of Vitex negundoleaves commonly serves as a treatment for sprained ankles, arthritis pain, and injuries.

Tukham Sur Wali
Botanical name: French Marigold seeds

One of the health benefits of marigolds is that it is used in the treatment of minor burns when used in the form of ointments or a tincture.On account of the anti-inflammatory properties of marigold it is also used in the treatment of allergic reactions, eczema and bruising.Health benefits of marigold oil also include it being used in the treatment for plantar lesions that tend to occur on the feet.Another one of the benefits of the marigold flowers is that it is very beneficial in getting rid of an oily complexion naturally. In this treatment, fresh flowers need to be soaked in warm water and then applied to the skin at least once a day and allowed to remain for 10 minutes before washing it off.Marigolds are also known to have plenty of health benefits on account of their high content of antioxidants. These antioxidants are known to be effective in combating the damage that may b caused by free radicals which are typically the by-products of environmental factors such as pollution or cigarette smoke or even normal body functions. The lycopene present in marigold is also known to lower the risk of heart disease and prostrate cancer. The antioxidants present in marigolds are also known to protect the eyes from macular degeneration and cataracts.One of the medicinal uses of marigolds is that it promotes the growth of both new blood vessels as well as new skin tissue and hence it is used in the healing of wounds such as burns, scrapes as well as irritated skin.When consumed internally , marigolds are also known to help against digestive inflammation in the form of duodenal or gastric ulcers on account of its anti-inflammatory properties.Marigold tea is also known to be effective against painful mouth and stomach ulcers as well as colitis. Marigolds are effective in this aspect because they tend to stimulate the lymphatic system and thereby minimize the swelling as well as cleanse the body of toxins which may be contributing to the ulcers.Marigold is also used in the form of an ointment for women who are suffering from breast cancer to minimize the dermatitis that is usually caused by chemotherapy.The petals of the marigold flower are also used in sitz baths as they are effective in healing vaginal infections, bladder infections, healing of stitches post child birth as well as haemorrhoids. To prepare a sitz bath the petals of the marigold flowers should be boiled for some time and then added to the warm bath water.One of the health benefits of marigold juice is that it is very effective in healing scabies and warts.

Turbad Sufaid
Botanical name: Operculina turpethum, Turpeth

It is useful in cases of constipation, ascites, myalgia, arthritis, inflammation, fever, pruritus, skin diseases, hemorrhoids, jaundice and tumors. Purgative, antidote, antiinflammatory. White Turpeth is preferred to Black Turpeth as cathartic; the latter produces drastic purgation and causes vomiting, fainting and giddiness. White Turpeth is derived from Marsdenia tenacissima in folk medicine. The active principle of O. turpethum is a glycosidic resin present in the drug. It is similar to jalap resin and is concentrated mostly in the root bark.

Unaab
Botanical name: Ziziphus jujuba, Jujube

The fruits and seeds are used in Chinese and Korean traditional medicine, where they are believed to alleviate stress, and traditionally for antifungal, antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, sedative, antispastic, antifertility/contraception, hypotensive and antinephritic, cardiotonic, antioxidant, immunostimulant, and wound healing properties.A controlled clinical trial found the fruits helpful for chronic constipation. In another clinical trial, Zizyphus jujuba was proved to be effective against neonatal jaundice.In Persian traditional medicine it is used in combination with other herbal medicines to treat colds, flu and coughing.Research implies jujube fruit has nootropic and neuroprotective properties.Ziziphin, a compound in the leaves of the jujube, suppresses the ability to perceive sweet taste. The fruit, being mucilaginous, is very soothing to the throat and decoctions of jujube have often been used in pharmacy to treat sore throats.

Ushna
Botanical name: Usnea australis, Old Man’s Beard

Usnea has been used medicinally for at least 1600 years.This, combined with the hairlike structure of the lichen, means that Usnea lent itself well to treating surface wounds when sterile gauze and modern antibiotics were unavailable. Usnea has been used both internally and topically, but due to potential hepatoxicity issues, it is recommended in some medical literature to be used only externally. Usnea is high in vitamin C.Usnea barbata is used as an antibiotic, primarily used in lung and upper respiratory tract infections, and urinary tract infections. Usnea has been used as an antibiotic for gram-positive bacteria, and as an antifungal against Candida albicans. Usnea also has shown anecdotal usefulness in the treatment of difficult to treat fish infections in aquariums and ponds.Usnea was one ingredient in a product called Lipokinetix, promoted to induce weight loss via increase in metabolic rate.

Ustokhudoos
Botanical name: Lavandula spica, Lavender

Lavender is used extensively with herbs and aromatherapy. Infusions are believed to soothe insect bites, burns, and headaches. Bunches of lavender repel insects. In pillows, lavender seeds and flowers aid sleep and relaxation. An infusion of flowerheads added to a cup of boiling water is used to soothe and relax at bedtime. Lavender oil (or extract of Lavender) is used to treat acne when diluted 1:10 with water, rosewater, or witch hazel; it also treats skin burns and inflammatory conditions.It has anxiolytic effects and influence on sleep quality. Lavender oil with a high percentage oflinalool and linalyl acetate, in the form of capsules, was generally well tolerated. It showed meaningful efficacy in alleviating anxiety and related sleep disturbances. Lavender oil is approved for use as an anxiolytic. Lavender may be very effective with wounds; however, Lavender Honey (created from bees feeding on lavender plants), instead of lavender essential oil has the best effects of uninfected wounds.

Vasline
Botanical name: Vaseline

This is used as a moisturizer to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations (e.g., diaper rash, skin burns from radiation therapy). Emollients are substances that soften and moisturize the skin and decrease itching and flaking. Some products (e.g., zinc oxide, white petrolatum) are used mostly to protect the skin against irritation (e.g., from wetness).Dry skin is caused by a loss of water in the upper layer of the skin. Emollients/moisturizers work by forming an oily layer on the top of the skin that traps water in the skin. Petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil and dimethicone are common emollients. Humectants, including glycerin, lecithin, and propylene glycol, draw water into the outer layer of skin.

Warch Bich
Botanical name: Acorus calamus, Sweet Flag

Sweet flag has a very long history of medicinal use in Chinese and Indian herbal traditions. The leaves, stems, and roots are used in various Siddha and Ayurvedic medicines. It is widely employed in modern herbal medicine as its sedative, laxative, diuretic, and carminative properties. It is used in Ayurveda to counter the side effects of all hallucinogens.Sweet Flag, known as “Rat Root” is one of the most widely and frequently used herbal medicines amongst the Chipewyan people.

Warq Nuqra Wa Sona
Botanical name: Gold & Silver leaf, Argentum

The medical uses of silver include its incorporation into wound dressings, creams, and as an antibiotic coating on medical devices. While wound dressings containing silver sulfadiazine or silver nanomaterials may be used on external infections, there is little evidence to support such use. There is tentative evidence that silver coatings on urinary catheters and endotracheal breathing tubes may reduce the incidence of catheter-related urinary tract infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia, respectively. The silver ion(Ag+) is bioactive and in sufficient concentration readily kills bacteria. Silver and silver nanoparticles are used as an antimicrobial in a variety of industrial, healthcare and domestic applications.

Silver foil, or varakh, as it is generally known in India, adds glitter to Indian sweets (mithai), supari (betel nut), paan (betel-leaf), and fruits.
· Besides being very decorative it is reputed to have an aphrodisiac effect.
· Edible Silver leaf brings the art of gilding to all celebrations and festivities.
· Varak is also used in flavored syrups as in kesar (saffron) syrup.
· It is often added to champagne, fine baked goods, candies, and a holiday cake creates exquisite desserts and memorable dining experiences.
Gold and silver are approved food foils in the European Union, as E175 and E174 additives respectively. The independent European food-safety certification agency, TÜV Rheinland, has deemed gold leaf safe for consumption. Gold and silver leaf are also certified as kosher. These inert precious metal foils are neither considered as toxic to human beings nor to broader ecosystems.Large quantities of ingested bioactive silver can cause argyria, but the use of edible silver or gold as vark is not considered harmful to the body, since the metal is in inert form (not ionic bioactive form), and the quantities involved in normal use are minuscule.

Wax Mom
Botanical name: Beeswax

Beeswax is a product made from the honeycomb of the honeybee and other bees. The three major beeswax products are yellow beeswax, white beeswax, and beeswax absolute. Yellow beeswax is the crude product obtained from the honeycomb. White beeswax is made from yellow beeswax by bleaching, and beeswax absolute is made by treating yellow beeswax with alcohol.As medicine, beeswax is used for lowering cholesterol and for relieving pain. It is also used for swelling (inflammation), ulcers, diarrhea, and hiccups.In foods and beverages, white beeswax and beeswax absolute are used as stiffening agents.In manufacturing, yellow and white beeswax are used as thickeners, emulsifiers, and as stiffening agents in cosmetics. Beeswax absolute is used as a fragrance in soaps and perfumes. White beeswax and beeswax absolute are also used to polish pills.

White Oil
Botanical name: White Oil

This medication is used as a moisturizer to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations (e.g., diaper rash, skin burns from radiation therapy). Emollients are substances that soften and moisturize the skin and decrease itching and flaking. Some products (e.g., zinc oxide, white petrolatum) are used mostly to protect the skin against irritation (e.g., from wetness).Dry skin is caused by a loss of water in the upper layer of the skin. Emollients/moisturizers work by forming an oily layer on the top of the skin that traps water in the skin. Petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil and dimethicone are common emollients. Humectants, including glycerin, lecithin, and propylene glycol, draw water into the outer layer of skin. Many products also have ingredients that soften the horny substance (keratin) that holds the top layer of skin cells together (e.g., urea, alpha hydroxy acids such as lactic/citric/glycolic acid, and allantoin).

Yaqoot
Botanical name: Ruby

Yaqoot is used in ancient unani medicine.
In india it is also used in medicines like jawahir mohra.
The oxide of it is made with different type of medicinal aqua.
It’s a tonic for heart, lungs, brain and kidneys.
For centuries is used to treat palpitation, epilepsy, plague, to cover the effects of tuberculosis and to heal the general energy of body in cases of diseases.

Yashab Sabz
Botanical name: Jade

It is cardiotonic
Strengthens the working of stomach and brain.
It is used as anti-depressent in unani medicine.
In system of ayuvedic and ancient medicine is practiced that it cures the palpitation if it is hang around the neck.
To cure the internal inflammations it is ideal drug orally.

Zafran
Botanical name: Crocus sativus, Saffron

Saffron’s aroma is often described by connoisseurs as reminiscent of metallic honey with grassy or hay-like notes, while its taste has also been noted as hay-like and sweet. Saffron also contributes a luminous yellow-orange colouring to foods. Saffron is widely used in Indian, Persian, European, Arab, and Turkish cuisines. Confectioneries and liquors also often include saffron. Common saffron substitutes include safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, which is often sold as “Portuguese saffron’’), annatto, and turmeric (Curcuma longa). Saffron has also been used as a fabric dye, particularly in China and India, and in perfumery. It is used for religious purposes in India, and is widely used in cooking in many cuisines, ranging from the Milanese risotto of Italy to the bouillabaisse of France to the biryani with various meat accompaniments in South Asia.Saffron also has a long history of use in traditional medicine.

Zaitoon
Botanical name: Olea europaea, Olive oil

Olive oil has a long history of being used as a home remedy for skincare. Egyptians used it alongside beeswax as a cleanser, moisturizer, and antibacterial agent since pharaonic times. In ancient Greece, the substance was used during massage, to prevent sports injuries, relieve muscle fatigue, and eliminate lactic acid buildup. In 2000, Japan was the top importer of olive oil in Asia (13,000 tons annually) because consumers there believe both the ingestion and topical application of olive oil to be good for skin and health.There has been relatively little scientific work done on the effect of olive oil on acne and other skin conditions. However, one study noted that squalene, which is in olive oil, may contribute to relief of seborrheic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis or atopic dermatitis.One laboratory study reported that a mixture of honey, beeswax, and olive oil inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, with the reducing the discomfort of hemorrhoids and anal fissures in adults.Olive oil is popular for use in massaging infants and toddlers, but scientific proof of its efficacy is mixed. One analysis of olive oil versus mineral oil found that, when used for infant massage, olive oil can be considered a safe alternative to sunflower, grapeseed and fractionated coconut oils. This stands true particularly when it is mixed with a lighter oil like sunflower, which “would have the further effect of reducing the already low levels of free fatty acids present in olive oil”. Another trial stated that olive oil lowered the risk of dermatitis for infants in all gestational stages when compared with emollient cream. However, yet another study found that topical treatment with olive oil for newborns “significantly damages the skin barrier” when compared to sunflower oil, and that it may make existing atopic dermatitis worse. The researchers concluded that they do not recommend the use of olive oil for the treatment of dry skin and infant massage.

Zamurd
Botanical name: Emerald

People wearing an emerald are said to have a peaceful and harmonious married life. It helps in developing understanding with children and instigating unity in the family.People having issues retaining wealth can benefit by his stone, as it is said to have the power to hold money with the wearer.The gem must be worn by people who have been cheated by someone. Legal disputes are easily resolved if the person involved in the dispute wears an emerald.It is known to have the mystical power to bring good fortune and wisdom to the wearer.Couples can gift each other an emerald to enhance faithfulness and love in the relationship.It is also said that emerald changes its color when false friends are around the wearer, thereby, protecting him from false friendship.It is believed that this stone decreases the chances of getting bitten by snakes.When worn by a pregnant women, it helps in reducing labor-time and pain by regulating blood circulation in the body and reducing stress.Many health-related problems are also believed to be resolved by this stone. Individuals suffering from epileptic seizures are advised to wear emerald by astrologers as it is supposed to prevent epileptic fits.Other health problems that are believed to have been cured by wearing the stone are: insomnia, asthma, amnesia, ulcer, cardiac problems, etc.Gastrointestinal problems like gastritis, diarrhea, and dysentery are said to occur less frequently on wearing this gemstone. When worn along with other gemstones, it is supposed to cure eye problems, paralysis, hypertension, meningitis, nerve problems, cancer of the mouth, breast and stomach, etc. However, a person suffering from any of the above mentioned health problems must definitely go for medical treatment, without simply relying on gemstone therapy.Professionals in the field of science, real estate, writing, publishing, medicine, teaching, architecture, and astrology perform well in their respective fields on wearing an emerald.

Zanjabeel Sonth Sundh
Botanical name: Zingiber officinale, Ginger

Ginger contains chromium, magnesium and zinc which can help to improve blood flow, as well as help prevent chills, fever, and excessive sweat. Ginger is a known effective remedy for the nausea associated with motion sickness. The exact reason is unknown,but in a study of naval cadets, those given ginger powder suffered less.Ginger improves the absorption and stimulation of essential nutrients in the body. It does this by stimulating gastric and pancreatic enzyme secretion.Ginger has been used for thousands of years as a natural treatment for colds and flu around Asia. Ginger appears to reduce inflammation in a similar way to aspirin and ibuprofenGinger contains some of the most potent anti-inflammatory fighting substances known and is a natural powerful painkiller.If you’re suffering from common respiratory diseases such as a cough, ginger aids in expanding your lungs and loosening up phlegm because it is a natural expectorant that breaks down and removes mucus. That way you can quickly recover from difficulty in breathing.Ginger helps improve the immune system. Consuming a little bit ginger a day can help foil potential risk of a stroke by inhibiting fatty deposits from the arteries. It also decreases bacterial infections in the stomach, and helps battle a bad cough and throat irritation.Ginger has demonstrated a success rate of 75 percent in curing morning sickness and stomach flu.

Zarawand
Botanical name: Aristolochia indica, Aristolochia

The root is stimulant, tonic and emmenagogue; employed in malarial fever, intermittent fevers and useful in pains in the joints, given to children for flatulance and dyspepsia. The juice of the root is given orally in stomachache and rheumatism in Jointiapur of Sylhet. Decoction of root is used in impotency. The juice of fresh leaves is stomachic, tonic and antiperiodic; very useful in treating croup of children, by inducing vomiting without causing any depression. Seeds are purgative; useful in inflammations, biliousness, dry coughs, joint pains and dyspnoea of children. Aristolochic acid contained in the root is antitubercular.

Zarishk
Botanical name: Berberis

Daruhaldi(Berberis aristata) is used in Ayurvedic medicine from long time. It has hypoglycaemic, antibacterial, antifungal, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities.Barberry(Daruhaldi) or Tree Turmeric is a large thorny medicinal herb which is found in Himalayan region at height of 2000-3000 meter, Nilgiri hills in south India, Srilanka, Bhutan, and hilly areas of Nepal.

Details of Daruhaldi:Daruhaldi is used to treat liver, ulcers, fever, infection in intestine, inflammation, cuts, wounds, eye and skin diseases, diarrhoea etc

Rasaut preparation: In some areas across India Daruhaldi is used in form of Rasaut or Rashut. For preparing Rasaut, roots and lower stem of Daruhaldi is cooked in water. The amount of water taken is sixteen times of daruhaldi roots. It is cooked till water is reduced to one fourth. Then it is filtered and solution thus obtained is again cooked till it becomes semi-solid. This thickened preparation is dried, given a shape and stored for future use.

Rasaut uses:Rasaut is used to cure stomach infection, piles, ulcers, fever, constipation, jaundice and eyes related problems.Remedies of Indian barberry.Here are few remedies to cure various clinical conditions using fresh Indian Barberry and Rasaut. It is important to take this herb in lesser quantities as Berberine from this herb in larger doses causes poisoning.

In Ophthalmic, eye diseases Mix Rasaut with ghee, alum and apply in eyes.In Stomach infection, Dysentery, acute diarrhoea in children Grind rasaut and mix with honey. Make child to lick this to cure stomach infections.In Piles (Bawasir), Ulcerative Colitis, Duodenal Ulcer, Infection in intestineTake roots (5 gm) of Daruhaldi. Make decoction by boiling in water (400 ml) and take twice a day. This is beneficial in both types of piles. Rasaut can also be used for piles treatment. For this dilute rasaut in thirty times water and wash the affected areas. Also take rasaut (1/8 tbsp) in butter (1 tbsp).In Eye related problems, Opthalmia.Grind branch of daruhaldi and apply like kajal in eye. This is beneficial in various eye diseases. Or apply rasaut externally on eyelids.In JaundiceMake decoction of rasaut (1 cup), add honey and drink.In Boils, Ulcer, Skin diseases, woundGrind leaves of Daruhaldi and apply on affected areas.Use ful in conditions Painful urination.

Zarward
Botanical name: Rose anthther filaments, zeera phool gulab

Rose anthther filaments
it is astringent and works in conditions of diarrhea, heamoptysis.
It is used to stop bleeding.
Due to its desicative and strengthening power of muscles it controls the excessive secretions of uterus
And keeps the utrine muscles on their actual action and activities.

Zeerah Sufaid
Botanical name: Cuminum cyminum, Cumin

Several medicinal properties and health benefits of cumin seeds. According to the authors, cumin seeds and warm jeera water is believed to improve saliva secretion, provide relief in digestive disorders.It is used internally and sometimes for external application also. It is known for its actions like enhancing appetite, taste perception, digestion, vision, strength, and lactation. It is used to treat diseases like fever, loss of appetite, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal distension, edema and puerperal disorders.

Common cold: Antiseptic properties of cumin can help fight flu, by boosting your immune system. A cup of water boiled with cumin seeds, ginger, basil leaves and honey, can give great relief.

Anemia: Cumin seeds contain a good amount of iron. Iron is an essential element for the formation of hemoglobin in the blood required for transport of oxygen. Anemia [lowered levels of hemoglobin in the blood] has always been a concern in women, children and adolescents. It’s a good idea to include jeera in everyday preparations like parathas, curries, cookies, soups, rice, lentil preparations.

Digestion: It’s a common practice in India to find people popping in Jeera Goli after meals, but did you know it works well for digestive disorders? Cumin helps control stomach pain, indigestion, diarrhoea, nausea and morning sickness.Jeera is also found to be effective in stimulating menstrual cycle in women. Cumin can be used in the treatment of piles due to its fibre content, anti-fungal, laxative and carminative properties.

Zehar Mohra Khatai
Botanical name: Serpentine, Serpentine / zeher mohra khatai

The mineral bezoar finds use in cholera,obstinate vomiting,diarrhea,(psrticulary of children)in profuse ,troublesome and painful menstruation.its paste is beneficial for drying abnormal secretions and catarrhs present in a particular organ or site,resolves inflammations due to abnormal phlegmatic deposition.Relieves opacity of the cornea and stomatitis when used with terminalia chebula.It also used to clears abnormal marks on the skin and when made as paste into vinegar and applied over warts it gives relief.Made into gargale it proves effective in salvation.

Zinc Oxide Safaidah Kashghari
Botanical name: Zinc oxide

Zinc oxide is widely used to treat a variety of other skin conditions, in products such as baby powder and barrier creams to treat diaper rashes, calamin cream, anti-dandruff, shampoos, and antiseptic ointments. It is also a component in tape (called “zinc oxide tape”) used by athletes as a bandage to prevent soft tissue damage during workouts.

Zofa
Botanical name: Hyssopus officinalis, Hyssopus

As a medicinal herb, hyssop has soothing, expectorant, and cough suppressant properties. The plant also includes the chemicals thujone and phenol, which give it antiseptic properties. Its high concentrations of thujone and chemicals that stimulate the central nervous system can provokeepileptic reactions when taken in high enough doses. The oil of hyssop can cause seizures and even low doses (2–3 drops) can cause convulsions in children.It has been also used in the formulation of eye drops and mouthwash.Herb hyssop has also been observed to stimulate the gastrointestinal system.